Digestibility and Related Nutritional Data for Seven Northern Deer Browse Species

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Mautz ◽  
Helenette Silver ◽  
James B. Holter ◽  
Haven H. Hayes ◽  
Willard E. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Deer Browse ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Nutritional Data

scholarly journals The Northern White-Cedar Recruitment Bottleneck: Understanding the Effects of Substrate, Competition, and Deer Browsing

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura F. Reuling ◽  
Christel C. Kern ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic ◽  
Dustin R. Bronson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Density ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Regeneration Failure ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Recruitment Bottleneck ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Research Highlights: Regenerating northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) is challenging throughout much of its range. This study attempts to relate differences in natural regeneration to stand- and seedbed-level factors. Background and Objectives: Lack of regeneration of northern white-cedar is often attributed to overbrowsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) because white-cedar is a preferred winter browse species. However, there are many other factors that may contribute to regeneration failure for white-cedar including its specific seedbed requirements and competition from other, often faster-growing trees and shrubs. Materials and Methods: We surveyed five mature white-cedar stands in Wisconsin, USA that have had little to no management in the past 50+ years to find stem densities of natural white-cedar regeneration in three height classes. We also collected data at each stand on potential predictor variables including overstory attributes, competitive environment, seedbed, and browsing by deer. We used model selection to create separate models to predict stem density of each white-cedar regeneration height class. Results: None of the measures of deer browsing used in this study were found to be associated with white-cedar regeneration. Soil pH, competition from other seedlings and saplings, and stem density of white-cedar in the overstory were found to be potentially associated with white-cedar regeneration. Conclusions: While browsing by deer is likely a factor affecting white-cedar regeneration in many areas, this study highlights the challenge of quantifying deer browse effects, as well as showing that other factors likely contribute to the difficulty of regenerating white-cedar.

Availability and Use of Spring and Summer Woody Browse by Deer in Clearcut and Uncut Forests of the Southern Appalachians

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Ford ◽  
A. Sydney Johnson ◽  
Philip E. Hale ◽  
James M. Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plot Location

Abstract We sampled 1,890 vegetation plots in young clearcuts, clearcut-edges, and mature forests at 21 locations in the Southern Appalachians during the summers of 1985-1990. We tallied browsed and unbrowsed twig tips by species to assess woody browse availability and use by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Although each plot location produced an abundance of twigs, the mean numbers available to and browsed by deer were significantly greater in both clearcut and clearcut-edge plots than in mature forested plots. Twigs of several preferred deer browse species were more available and more heavily browsed in clearcut plots than in mature forested plots. Because of the large number of twigs available in all locations sampled, overall percent browsing was low (> 5%). Under present conditions on public lands in the Southern Appalachians, summer browse is adequately abundant for deer foraging and forest regeneration, but trends toward reduced clearcutting may alter this situation. South J. Appl. For. 17(3):116-119.

scholarly journals Rehabilitating a Young Northern Red Oak Planting with Tree Shelters

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Gillespie ◽  
Ronald Rathfon ◽  
Richard K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Browse Species

Abstract Methods for deer browse protection are becoming a necessary aspect of hardwood silviculture, particularly with practices such as artificial regeneration of oaks. This study tested the effectiveness of two types of deer protection for aiding the rehabilitation of a failed northern red oak planting in southern Indiana. Tree shelters, bar soap repellent, and no protection (control) treatments were applied to 1 yr old, coppice-origin oak shoots arising from 8 yr old root-stocks of an unsuccessful 1980 old-field research planting. Oaks in tree shelters exhibited significantly greater early shoot growth than did unsheltered oaks. This height advantage was maintained, but not increased once tree crowns emerged from the shelter environment. After 5 growing seasons, oaks receiving the soap repellent treatment began to increase their rate of height growth. Continuation of this trend could negate early growth advantages of tree shelters. The use of tree shelters may improve the success of attempts to regenerate preferred browse species such as oaks, but concerns of practicality and economics remain. North. J. Appl. For. 13(1):24-29.

scholarly journals Deer Browse Response to Pine-Hardwood Thinning Regimes in Southeastern Arkansas

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Peitz ◽  
Philip A. Tappe ◽  
Michael G. Shelton ◽  
Michael G. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Japanese Honeysuckle ◽  
Stand Thinning ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Biomass Availability

Abstract Understanding relationships between stand thinning and browse production allows land managers to encourage both white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browse production and timber production. In our study, browse biomass was determined before thinning and two and four growing seasons after thinning a 35 yr old natural loblolly pine-hardwood stand (initially 27 m2/ha of pine and 8 m2/ha of hardwood basal area). Combinations of 3 loblolly pine (15, 18, and 21 m2/ha) and 3 hardwood (0, 3.5, and 7 m2/ha) basal areas were replicated 3 times, resulting in a total of 27 0.08 ha plots. Understory biomass was determined for 14 browse species on 25 understory plots systematically located within each plot. Browse production following thinning was dominated by grape (Vitis spp.), blackberry (Rubus spp.), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and greenbrier (Smilax spp.). Most deer browse species responded negatively to retained pine and/or hardwood basal areas, with hardwoods having the greater impact. Thinning improved overall browse biomass availability for deer, but responses varied by individual species. South. J. Appl. For. 23(1):16-20.

037 Composition and Quality Assessment of the Woodland Browse Species and Goats' Performance Study under Woodland

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 18-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khatri ◽  
U. Karki ◽  
Y. Karki ◽  
N. Gurung ◽  
B. R. Min
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Browse Species

scholarly journals Association between Neonatal Intakes and Hyperglycemia, and Left Heart and Aortic Dimensions at 6.5 Years of Age in Children Born Extremely Preterm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Jawwad Hamayun ◽  
Lilly-Ann Mohlkert ◽  
Elisabeth Stoltz Sjöström ◽  
Magnus Domellöf ◽  
Mikael Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants ◽  
Nutritional Data ◽  
Aortic Dimensions

Survivors of extremely preterm birth (gestational age < 27 weeks) have been reported to exhibit an altered cardiovascular phenotype in childhood. The mechanisms are unknown. We investigated associations between postnatal nutritional intakes and hyperglycemia, and left heart and aortic dimensions in children born extremely preterm. Postnatal nutritional data and echocardiographic dimensions at 6.5 years of age were extracted from a sub-cohort of the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS; children born extremely preterm between 2004–2007, n = 171, mean (SD) birth weight = 784 (165) grams). Associations between macronutrient intakes or number of days with hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 8 mmol/L) in the neonatal period (exposure) and left heart and aortic dimensions at follow-up (outcome) were investigated. Neonatal protein intake was not associated with the outcomes, whereas higher lipid intake was significantly associated with larger aortic root diameter (B = 0.040, p = 0.009). Higher neonatal carbohydrate intake was associated with smaller aorta annulus diameter (B = −0.016, p = 0.008). Longer exposure to neonatal hyperglycemia was associated with increased thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (B = 0.004, p = 0.008) and interventricular septum (B = 0.004, p = 0.010). The findings in this study indicate that postnatal nutrition and hyperglycemia may play a role in some but not all long-lasting developmental adaptations of the cardiovascular system in children born extremely preterm.

The use ofin vitrogas production to evaluate rumen fermentation of leaves of 24 browse species indigenous to semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
L. R. Ndlovu ◽  
L. Hove
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Semi Arid

Browse species are important food resources in semi-arid areas, especially during the dry season when the nutritive value of grass is at its lowest. However, browse plants often contain secondary plant compounds which limit their nutritive value. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) (also called condensed tannins) and related flavonoids are a common constituent of woody plants in tropical regions (Mangan, 1988). PAs cause a bitter and astringent taste which lowers food palatability and they also lower the digestibility of proteins and carbohydrates (Jacksonet al., 1996). PAs also interfere with current chemical methods that are used for estimating nutritive value of foods (Reed, 1995). Biological assays, especially ,in vitrotechniques, have a potential to reflect better the nutritive value of foods that contain PAs. Thein vitrogas production technique has been found to reliably predict the nutritive value of temperate forages (Makkaret al., 1996). There has been limited research on its efficacy with tropical forages. The experiment reported here was conducted to test the hypothesis that gas production of tropical browse species reflects their content of fibre, protein and/or PAs.

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