Sudden-Death Syndrome of Soybean Is Caused by Two Morphologically and Phylogenetically Distinct Species within the Fusarium solani Species Complex: F. virguliforme in North America and F. tucumaniae in South America

Mycologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Aoki ◽  
Kerry O'Donnell ◽  
Yoshihisa Homma ◽  
Alfredo R. Lattanzi
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
South America ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Fusarium Solani Species Complex

BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON XANTHIUM: TAXONOMIC APPRAISAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Löve ◽  
Pierre Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Enormous Variation

The following paper is an evaluation of the taxonomic and ecological status of the genus Xanthium L. A review of its systematics demonstrates that many so-called "species" described on material from Europe actually have their origin in America, except one, X. strumarium s. str., which seems to have a Mediterranean–European center of dispersal. Another conclusion drawn is that Xanthium consists of only two distinct species: X. spinosum L. and X. strumarium L. The former is a relatively stable species, the latter an enormously variable one readily subdivided into a number of minor taxonomic entities.Ecologically, in eastern North America at least, Xanthium is primarily a beach plant, which prefers open habitats and succumbs to crowding. The seeds are most often dispersed by water and wind. It enters easily into ruderal habitats, but only as long as these are open and unshaded.The generalized short-day flowering response in this genus supports our hypothesis that Xanthium has a tropical–subtropical origin, and we feel that it has its center in Central and/or South America, whence it has spread over the continents north and southward.There is no evidence for any sterility barriers separating the entities of X. strumarium, but we feel that an intense inbreeding with an occasional outbreeding is responsible for the enormous variation, often resulting in small, local, but unstable taxa.

scholarly journals Members of the Fusarium solani species complex that cause infections in both humans and plants are common in the environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
N. Zhang ◽  
K. O’Donnell ◽  
D.A. Sutton ◽  
F.A. Naim ◽  
R.C. Summerbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Solani Species Complex

scholarly journals First Report of Sudden Death Syndrome (Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines) of Soybean in Minnesota

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Kurle ◽  
S. L. Gould ◽  
S. M. Lewandowski ◽  
S. Li ◽  
X. B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
South Central ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Soybean Plants

In August 2002, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants exhibiting foliar and root symptoms typical of sudden death syndrome were observed in Blue Earth and Steele counties in south-central Minnesota. Leaf symptoms ranging from small chlorotic spots to prominent interveinal necrosis were present on soybean plants at the R6 to R7 growth stage. As plants matured, complete defoliation took place with only petioles remaining. Symptomatic plants had necrotic secondary roots, truncated taproots, and discolored cortical tissue at the soil line. Blue sporodochia containing macroconidia were observed on the taproot of affected plants at both locations (3,4). Multiple cultures from both locations were obtained by transferring macroconidia from the sporodochia to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and modified Nash-Snyder Medium (NSM) (3). After 14 days, isolations were made from fungal colonies exhibiting bluish pigmentation and masses of bluish macroconidia (4). The isolates grew slowly, developed a bluish color, and formed sporodochia containing abundant macroconidia on NSM. These isolates were identified as Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines based on colony characteristics and morphology of macroconidia (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with a single isolate from each location. The isolate from Blue Earth County was inoculated as mycelia in a plug of media onto taproots of plants of susceptible cvs. Williams 82 and Spencer at the V2 growth stage. Chlorotic spots appeared on leaves after 12 days of growth at 22 to 25°C in the greenhouse. Interveinal necrosis appeared after 15 days (4). The isolate from Steele County was used to inoculate the susceptible cv. Great Lakes 3202. Sorghum seed (3 cm3) infested with mycelia of the isolate were placed 2 to 3 cm below soybean seed planted in Cone-Tainers. Noninfested sorghum seed was used as a control. Plants were maintained for 21 days at 22 to 28°C in the greenhouse. Chlorotic spots appeared on leaves of inoculated plants within 21 days after planting followed by the development of interveinal chlorosis and necrosis (1). Molecular analysis further supported the identification of the Steele County isolate as F. solani f. sp. glycines. Polymerase chain reaction with specific primers Fsg1 and Fsg2 of total genomic DNA extracted from the Steele County isolate amplified a 438-bp DNA fragment identical with that extracted from previously identified isolates of F. solani f. sp. glycines (1). In 2002, symptoms of sudden death syndrome were also reported in Olmsted, Freeborn, and Mower counties. Although studies are needed to determine the distribution of sudden death syndrome in the state, the occurrence of the symptoms at multiple locations suggests that F. solani f. sp. glycines is widely distributed in southeast and south-central Minnesota. The counties where sudden death syndrome symptoms were reported are located in the most productive soybean-growing region of Minnesota. Sudden death syndrome could be a serious threat to soybean production in this area since poorly drained, heavy, clay soils are common, and soil temperatures 18°C or less are normal before the end of May. References: (1) S. Li et al. Phytopathology 90:491, 2000. (2) K. W. Roy. Plant Dis. 81:566, 1997. (3) K. W. Roy et al. Plant Dis. 81:1100, 1997. (4) K. W. Roy. Plant Dis. 81:259, 1997.

scholarly journals First Report of a New Lineage in the Fusarium solani Species Complex Causing Root Rot on Sunn Hemp in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Melo ◽  
J. E. A. Beserra ◽  
K. S. Matos ◽  
C. S. Lima ◽  
O. L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fusarium Solani Species Complex ◽  
Sunn Hemp

scholarly journals Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of a Human Fungal Pathogen Reveals Synteny among Geographically Distinct Species

mBio ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Voorhies ◽  
Shirli Cohen ◽  
Terrance P. Shea ◽  
Semar Petrus ◽  
José F. Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
America South ◽  
Chromosome Level

Histoplasma species are dimorphic fungi causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. These fungi grow as mold in the soil and as budding yeast within the human host. Histoplasma can be isolated from soil in diverse regions, including North America, South America, Africa, and Europe.

Resistance to Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Root Colonization by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycine in Near‐Isogenic Lines

Crop Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Njiti ◽  
T. W. Doubler ◽  
R. J. Suttner ◽  
L. E. Gray ◽  
P. T. Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines
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