Molecular and Morphological Differentiation of Botryosphaeria dothidea (Anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi) from Some Other Fungi with Fusicoccum Anamorphs

Mycologia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise R. Smith ◽  
Glen R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Fusicoccum Aesculi

Controle da podridão apical da goiaba com tratamentos alternativos em pós-colheita

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Ivan Fischer ◽  
Maria Palharini ◽  
Mirian Fileti ◽  
Juliana Galli ◽  
Antônio Nogueira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Fusicoccum Aesculi

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de produtos alternativos [fosfito de potássio, cloreto de cálcio, fécula de mandioca, 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), etanol seguido de dicloro s. triazinatriona sódica dihidratada (etanol+cloro)] e de hidrotermia, isoladamente e em associação de dois tratamentos, na ocorrência da podridão apical e nas características cor da casca e firmeza da polpa de goiabas ‘Pedro Sato’. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em goiabas naturalmente infectadas, em três estádios de maturação, armazenadas a 22ºC por 8 dias. A eficácia das associações de tratamentos também foi avaliada após 8, 16 e 24 horas da inoculação de Fusicoccum aesculi, Neofusicoccum ribis e N. parvum nos frutos. A incidência da doença foi crescente com o estádio de maturação e inferior nas associações de tratamentos (hidrotermia/fécula, etanol+cloro/1-MCP e etanol+cloro/fécula). Nos frutos inoculados, comprovou-se a eficiência dos tratamentos no controle da doença, com uma maior eficiência da associação hidrotermia/fécula nas inoculações com Neofusicoccum spp. As associações de tratamentos controlaram de forma semelhante F. aesculi. A eficiência de controle decresceu com o aumentou do tempo entre a inoculação e o tratamento. A manutenção da qualidade das goiabas com as associações de tratamentos foram evidenciadas pelo atraso na mudança de coloração da casca e menor redução na firmeza.

Molecular characterization of a novel fusarivirus infecting the plant-pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Liu ◽  
Du Hai ◽  
Fan Mu ◽  
Xiaojing Yu ◽  
Yingtong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus

scholarly journals Skull shape differentiation of black and white olms (Proteus anguinus anguinus and Proteus a. parkelj): an exploratory analysis with micro-CT scanning

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ivanović ◽  
Gregor Aljančič ◽  
Jan W. Arntzen
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Necturus Maculosus ◽  
Proteus Anguinus ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Morphological Detail ◽  
Shape Changes

We performed an exploratory analysis of the morphology of the cranium in the white olm (Proteus anguinus anguinus) and the black olm (P. a. parkelj) with micro-CT scanning and geometric morphometrics. The mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) was used as an outgroup. The black olm falls outside the white olm morphospace by a markedly wider skull, shorter vomers which are positioned further apart and by laterally positioned squamosals and quadrates relative to the palate (the shape of the buccal cavity). On account of its robust skull with more developed premaxillae a shorter otico-occipital region, the black olm is positioned closer to Necturus than are the studied specimens of the white olm. The elongated skull of the white olm, with an anteriorly positioned jaw articulation point, could be regarded as an adaptation for improved feeding success, possibly compensating for lack of vision. As yet, the alternative explanations on the evolution of troglomorphism in Proteus are an extensive convergence in white olms versus the reverse evolution towards less troglomorphic character states in the black olm. To further understand the evolutionary trajectories within Proteus we highlight the following hypotheses for future testing: i) morphological differentiation is smaller within than between genetically differentiated white olm lineages, and ii) ontogenetic shape changes are congruent with the shape changes between lineages. We anticipate that the morphological detail and analytical power that come with the techniques we here employed will assist us in this task.

scholarly journals Landscape resistance constrains hybridization across contact zones in a reproductively and morphologically polymorphic salamander

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Velo-Antón ◽  
André Lourenço ◽  
Pedro Galán ◽  
Alfredo Nicieza ◽  
Pedro Tarroso
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Contact Zones

AbstractExplicitly accounting for phenotypic differentiation together with environmental heterogeneity is crucial to understand the evolutionary dynamics in hybrid zones. Species showing intra-specific variation in phenotypic traits that meet across environmentally heterogeneous regions constitute excellent natural settings to study the role of phenotypic differentiation and environmental factors in shaping the spatial extent and patterns of admixture in hybrid zones. We studied three environmentally distinct contact zones where morphologically and reproductively divergent subspecies of Salamandra salamandra co-occur: the pueriparous S. s. bernardezi that is mostly parapatric to its three larviparous subspecies neighbours. We used a landscape genetics framework to: (i) characterise the spatial location and extent of each contact zone; (ii) assess patterns of introgression and hybridization between subspecies pairs; and (iii) examine the role of environmental heterogeneity in the evolutionary dynamics of hybrid zones. We found high levels of introgression between parity modes, and between distinct phenotypes, thus demonstrating the evolution to pueriparity alone or morphological differentiation do not lead to reproductive isolation between these highly divergent S. salamandra morphotypes. However, we detected substantial variation in patterns of hybridization across contact zones, being lower in the contact zone located on a topographically complex area. We highlight the importance of accounting for spatial environmental heterogeneity when studying evolutionary dynamics of hybrid zones.

Effect of hybridization on the morphological differentiation of the red oaks Quercus acutifolia and Quercus grahamii (Fagaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pérez-Pedraza ◽  
Hernando Rodríguez-Correa ◽  
Susana Valencia-Ávalos ◽  
César Andrés Torres-Miranda ◽  
Maribel Arenas-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Red Oaks

Karyological and morphological differentiation of the Tanacetum corymbosum group (Asteraceae) in the Slovak part of the Carpathians

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristína Pulišová ◽  
Katarína Skokanová ◽  
Barbora Šingliarová ◽  
Judita Kochjarová
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
The Carpathians

scholarly journals Ultrastructural and molecular analysis of the origin and differentiation of cells mediating brittle star skeletal regeneration

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Piovani ◽  
Anna Czarkwiani ◽  
Cinzia Ferrario ◽  
Michela Sugni ◽  
Paola Oliveri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Skeletal Regeneration

Abstract Background Regeneration is the ability to re-grow body parts or tissues after trauma, and it is widespread across metazoans. Cells involved in regeneration can arise from a pool of undifferentiated proliferative cells or be recruited from pre-existing differentiated tissues. Both mechanisms have been described in different phyla; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms employed by different animals to restore lost tissues as well as the source of cells involved in regeneration remain largely unknown. Echinoderms are a clade of deuterostome invertebrates that show striking larval and adult regenerative abilities in all extant classes. Here, we use the brittle star Amphiura filiformis to investigate the origin and differentiation of cells involved in skeletal regeneration using a combination of microscopy techniques and molecular markers. Results Our ultrastructural analyses at different regenerative stages identify a population of morphologically undifferentiated cells which appear in close contact with the proliferating epithelium of the regenerating aboral coelomic cavity. These cells express skeletogenic marker genes, such as the transcription factor alx1 and the differentiation genes c-lectin and msp130L, and display a gradient of morphological differentiation from the aboral coelomic cavity towards the epidermis. Cells closer to the epidermis, which are in contact with developing spicules, have the morphology of mature skeletal cells (sclerocytes), and express several skeletogenic transcription factors and differentiation genes. Moreover, as regeneration progresses, sclerocytes show a different combinatorial expression of genes in various skeletal elements. Conclusions We hypothesize that sclerocyte precursors originate from the epithelium of the proliferating aboral coelomic cavity. As these cells migrate towards the epidermis, they differentiate and start secreting spicules. Moreover, our study shows that molecular and cellular processes involved in skeletal regeneration resemble those used during skeletal development, hinting at a possible conservation of developmental programmes during adult regeneration. Finally, we highlight that many genes involved in echinoderm skeletogenesis also play a role in vertebrate skeleton formation, suggesting a possible common origin of the deuterostome endoskeleton pathway.

scholarly journals Adaptive Divergence under Gene Flow along an Environmental Gradient in Two Coexisting Stickleback Species

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Thijs M. P. Bal ◽  
Alejandro Llanos-Garrido ◽  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Io Verdonck ◽  
Bart Hellemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genomic Patterns

There is a general and solid theoretical framework to explain how the interplay between natural selection and gene flow affects local adaptation. Yet, to what extent coexisting closely related species evolve collectively or show distinctive evolutionary responses remains a fundamental question. To address this, we studied the population genetic structure and morphological differentiation of sympatric three-spined and nine-spined stickleback. We conducted genotyping-by-sequencing and morphological trait characterisation using 24 individuals of each species from four lowland brackish water (LBW), four lowland freshwater (LFW) and three upland freshwater (UFW) sites in Belgium and the Netherlands. This combination of sites allowed us to contrast populations from isolated but environmentally similar locations (LFW vs. UFW), isolated but environmentally heterogeneous locations (LBW vs. UFW), and well-connected but environmentally heterogenous locations (LBW vs. LFW). Overall, both species showed comparable levels of genetic diversity and neutral genetic differentiation. However, for all three spatial scales, signatures of morphological and genomic adaptive divergence were substantially stronger among populations of the three-spined stickleback than among populations of the nine-spined stickleback. Furthermore, most outlier SNPs in the two species were associated with local freshwater sites. The few outlier SNPs that were associated with the split between brackish water and freshwater populations were located on one linkage group in three-spined stickleback and two linkage groups in nine-spined stickleback. We conclude that while both species show congruent evolutionary and genomic patterns of divergent selection, both species differ in the magnitude of their response to selection regardless of the geographical and environmental context.

scholarly journals Detection of follicular regions in actin-stained whole slide images of the human lymph node by shock filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Wurzel ◽  
Jörg Ackermann ◽  
Hendrik Schäfer ◽  
Sonja Scharf ◽  
Martin-Leo Hansmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Shock Filter ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Whole Slide Images

Abstract Human lymph nodes play a central part of immune defense against infection agents and tumor cells. Lymphoid follicles are compartments of the lymph node which are spherical, mainly filled with B cells. B cells are cellular components of the adaptive immune systems. In the course of a specific immune response, lymphoid follicles pass different morphological differentiation stages. The morphology and the spatial distribution of lymphoid follicles can be sometimes associated to a particular causative agent and development stage of a disease. We report our new approach for the automatic detection of follicular regions in histological whole slide images of tissue sections immuno-stained with actin. The method is divided in two phases: (1) shock filter-based detection of transition points and (2) segmentation of follicular regions. Follicular regions in 10 whole slide images were manually annotated by visual inspection, and sample surveys were conducted by an expert pathologist. The results of our method were validated by comparing with the manual annotation. On average, we could achieve a Zijbendos similarity index of 0.71, with a standard deviation of 0.07.

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