Application of Nested-PCR Technique to Resting Spores from the Entomophthora muscae Species Complex: Implications for Analyses of Host-Pathogen Population Interactions

Mycologia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Thomsen ◽  
Annette Bruun Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Entomophthora Muscae ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Population Interactions

Formation and germination of resting spores from different strains from the Entomophthora muscae complex produced in Musca domestica

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Thomsen ◽  
José Bresciani ◽  
Jørgen Eilenberg
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Entomophthora Muscae ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
Group B ◽  
Different Strains

Three species within the Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius complex (Entomophthora schizophorae Keller & Wilding, E. muscae s.str., and E. muscae "group B") were investigated for resting spore formation in vivo in the house fly (Musca domestica L.). Resting spores of E. muscae group B were experimentally induced from August to the beginning of February, while no resting spores were ever observed in E. schizophorae infected M. domestica or in flies infected by E. muscae s.str. originating from M. domestica. When newly dead fly cadavers containing E. muscae group B resting spores were kept moist, cystidia emerged from the abdomen; this is the first report of cystidia in the genus Entomophthora. Resting spore production was significantly affected by both temperature and E. muscae group B strain. More infected flies formed resting spores when kept 1 week at 10°C compared with constant exposure at 22°C, but the tendency of the different E. muscae group B strains to form resting spores persisted with shifting temperatures. After 4 months of incubation under natural winter conditions in Denmark, E. muscae group B resting spores germinated on water agar at 20°C with a 16 h light : 8 h dark photoperiod within 1 week, but no germ conidia were observed.Key words: Entomophthorales, Entomophthora muscae complex, Diptera, Musca domestica, resting spore formation, resting spore germination.

scholarly journals Entomophthora muscae — moisture as a factor affecting its transmission and conidial germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Microscopical Study ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Entomophthora Muscae ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Resting Spores

The role played by moisture in the transmission of <i>Entomophthora muscae</i> and in the germination of its conidia was investigated. A majority of adult house flies exposed to conidial showers that fell upon surfaces covered with droplets of condensation acquired the parasite, while no flies exposed to conidial showers that fell upon dry surfaces did so. A microscopical study of conidial showers showed that germination was practically non-existent on dry surfaces while a vast majority of conidia that fell upon a droplet-covered surface germinated. A method for the <i>in vivo</i> culture of <i>E. muscae</i> was developpd and 11 serial passages of the fungus were achieved. Resting spores rather than conidia became the dominant form produced in the cadavers, and flies in a twelfth group remained unifected.

A perspective on clonal phenotypic (antigenic) variation in protozoan parasites

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. S17-S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. R. TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Functional Immunity

Intra-clonal phenotypic (antigenic) variation is used by many pathogens to evade the consequences of immune-mediated killing by mammalian hosts. In this substantially theoretical article, I emphasise that antigenic variation (sensu stricto) involves no change in genotype; its importance as a mechanism for promoting pathogen transmission and its polyphyletic origin. From a functional perspective, antigenic variation is constrained by the requirement to meet five conditions. These are: capability to express several antigens against which functional immunity predominates; capability to interact with the environment; mutually exclusive expression of variable antigens in each cell within an infection; mutually exclusive expression in the within-host pathogen population and the capability for population growth within a host. Meeting these conditions leads to chronicity of infection and high rates of hierarchical and reversible switching of expression between variable antigens. The organisation of hierarchical expression is discussed in some detail.

THE ENTOMOPHAGA GRYLLI (FRESENIUS) BATKO SPECIES COMPLEX: ITS BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND USE FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PEST GRASSHOPPERS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 329-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond I. Carruthers ◽  
Mark E. Ramos ◽  
Timothy S. Larkin ◽  
Donald L. Hostetter ◽  
Richard S. Soper
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
The World ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Specific Factors

AbstractThe biology, ecology, disease etiology, and biological control potential of different members of the Entomophaga grylli species complex are discussed. This complex is represented by several pathotypes that include members that produce both conidia and resting spores within a single season, and members that produce only resting spores. This complex is known as a major pathogen of acridids from most areas of the world where populations of these insects are found, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Pathogens from this species complex commonly cause disease epizootics in their host populations and are known to reduce significantly outbreaks of grasshoppers, particularly following periods of rain or high humidity. Specific factors that either limit or enhance disease processes and host mortality are discussed in relation to both epizootiology and biological control programmes. Recent biological control efforts are discussed and the potential of using members of the E. grylli species complex in both augmentation and introduction programmes is considered.

scholarly journals Mitovirus and Mitochondrial Coding Sequences from Basal Fungus Entomophthora muscae

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Nibert ◽  
Humberto Debat ◽  
Austin Manny ◽  
Igor Grigoriev ◽  
Henrik De Fine Licht
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Core Gene ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Entomophthora Muscae ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Basal Fungi

Fungi constituting the Entomophthora muscae species complex (members of subphylum Entomophthoromycotina, phylum Zoopagamycota) commonly kill their insect hosts and manipulate host behaviors in the process. In this study, we made use of public transcriptome data to identify and characterize eight new species of mitoviruses associated with several different E. muscae isolates. Mitoviruses are simple RNA viruses that replicate in host mitochondria and are frequently found in more phylogenetically apical fungi (members of subphylum Glomeromyoctina, phylum Mucoromycota, phylum Basidiomycota and phylum Ascomycota) as well as in plants. E. muscae is the first fungus from phylum Zoopagomycota, and thereby the most phylogenetically basal fungus, found to harbor mitoviruses to date. Multiple UGA (Trp) codons are found not only in each of the new mitovirus sequences from E. muscae but also in mitochondrial core-gene coding sequences newly assembled from E. muscae transcriptome data, suggesting that UGA (Trp) is not a rarely used codon in the mitochondria of this fungus. The presence of mitoviruses in these basal fungi has possible implications for the evolution of these viruses.

Host-Pathogen Population Cycles in Forest Insects? Lessons from Simple Models Reconsidered

Oikos ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G. Bowers ◽  
Michael Begon ◽  
David E. Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Population Cycles ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Simple Models
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document