Environmental Control of Fruitbody Development in Boletus rubinellus in Axenic Culture

Mycologia ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Axenic Culture

Environmental control of gametogenesis in Laminaria saccharina. II. Correlation of nitrate and phosphate concentrations with gametogenesis and selected metabolites

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen I. C. Hsiao ◽  
Louis D. Druehl
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Laminaria Saccharina ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Sexual Fusion ◽  
Seawater Medium

The gametophyte growth, morphology, gametogenesis, and metabolites of Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamouroux were studied in different cyncentrations of nitrate and phosphate in axenic culture, using a synthetic seawater medium under optimal light and temperature conditions.Nitrate and phosphate were required for the various stages of gametophyte development and gametogenesis. Under nitrate and phosphate concentrations optimal for growth and gametogenesis, maximum quantities of DNA, RNA, protein, and carbohydrate, and low quantities of lipid were produced. Further, nutrient concentrations which gave rise to the greatest fertility also gave rise to the highest ratios of RNA/DNA and protein/RNA.Antheridial production occurred over a wider range of nitrate and phosphate concentrations than oogonial production. Further, percentage fertility was greater for the male gametophyte. This indicated that the female gametophyte was the limiting agent in sexual fusion.

Thermal Considerations in Lens Regulator Systems

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
K.C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Reference Networks ◽  
Better Than

Thermal effects in lens regulator systems have become a major problem with the extension of electron microscope resolution capabilities below 5 Angstrom units. Larger columns with immersion lenses and increased accelerating potentials have made solutions more difficult by increasing the power being handled. Environmental control, component choice, and wiring design provide answers, however. Figure 1 indicates with broken lines where thermal problems develop in regulator systemsExtensive environmental control is required in the sampling and reference networks. In each case, stability better than I ppm/min. is required. Components with thermal coefficients satisfactory for these applications without environmental control are either not available or priced prohibitively.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

2D carrier Density Mapping Using SNDM-dC/dV and dC/dz of SiC Power MOSFET

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-jiang Yu ◽  
T. Yamaoka ◽  
T. Aiso ◽  
K. Watanabe ◽  
Y. Shikakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Density ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Power Mosfet ◽  
Dopant Profiling ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
Resolution Observation ◽  
Develop Software ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
High Resolution Observation

Abstract Scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy is continuously developed as an AFM-derived method for 2D dopant profiling of semiconductor devices. In this paper, the authors apply 2D carrier density mapping to Si and SiC and succeed a high resolution observation of the SiC planar power MOSFET. Furthermore, they develop software that combines dC/dV and dC/dz images and expresses both density and polarity in a single distribution image. The discussion provides the details of AFM experiments that were conducted using a Hitachi environmental control AFM5300E system. The results indicated that the carrier density decreases in the boundary region between n plus source and p body. The authors conclude that although the resolutions of dC/dV and dC/dz are estimated to be 20 nm or less and 30 nm or less, respectively, there is a possibility that the resolution can be further improved by using a sharpened probe.

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