Patterns of in Vitro Ergot Alkaloid Production by Claviceps paspali and Their Association with Different Growth Rates

Mycologia ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsher S. Brar ◽  
C. S. Giam ◽  
Willard A. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Claviceps Paspali

scholarly journals Uric Acid Is a Genuine Metabolite of Penicillium cyclopium and Stimulates the Expression of Alkaloid Biosynthesis in This Fungus

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1524-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Helbig ◽  
Jörg Steighardt ◽  
Werner Roos
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Alkaloid Biosynthesis ◽  
Penicillium Cyclopium ◽  
Measurable Activity ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Rate Limiting

ABSTRACT On searching for endogenous, low-molecular-weight effectors of benzodiazepine alkaloid biosynthesis in Penicillium cyclopium uric acid was isolated from ethanolic or autoclaved mycelial extracts of this fungus. The isolation was based on a three-step high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure guided by a microplate bioassay, and uric acid was identified by mass spectrometry and the uricase reaction. Conidiospore suspensions that were treated with this compound during the early phase of outgrowth developed emerged cultures with an enhanced rate of alkaloid production. Uric acid treatment did not increase the in vitro measurable activity of the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme, cyclopeptine synthetase. However, these cultures displayed a reduced rate of uptake of the alkaloid precursor l-phenylalanine into the vacuoles of the hyphal cells as assayed in situ. It is suggested that the depressed capacity of vacuolar uptake caused by the contact of outgrowing spores with uric acid liberated from hyphal cells results in an enhanced availability of the precursor l-phenylalanine in the cytoplasm and thus accounts at least in part for the increase in alkaloid production.

Bitter Rot of Apple in the Mid-Atlantic US: Causal Species and Evaluation of the Impacts of Regional Weather Patterns and Cultivar Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Martin ◽  
Teresa Krawczyk ◽  
Fatemeh Khodadadi ◽  
Srđan G. Aćimović ◽  
Kari Peter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Bitter Rot ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States have been reporting an increase in losses to bitter rot of apple and are requesting up-to-date management recommendations. Management is complicated by variations in apple cultivar susceptibility, temperature and rainfall, and biology of the Colletotrichum species that cause bitter rot. Over 500 apples with bitter rot were obtained from 38 orchards across the Mid-Atlantic and the causal species identified as C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae of the C. acutatum species complex and C. chrysophilum, C. noveboracense, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. henanense, and C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto of the C. gloeosporioides species complex, the latter two being first reports. Species with faster in vitro growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in warmer regions of the Mid-Atlantic, while those with slower growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in cooler regions. Regional bloom dates are earlier and weather data shows a gradual warming trend that likely influenced, but was not necessarily the main cause of the recent increase in bitter rot in the region. A grower survey of apple cultivar susceptibility showed high variation, with the increase in acres planted to the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Honeycrisp’ broadly corresponding to the increase in reports of bitter rot. These results form a basis for future studies on the biology and ecology of the Colletotrichum species responsible, and suggest that integrated bitter rot management must begin with selection of less-susceptible apple cultivars.

scholarly journals Chromium-induced alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don in vitro cultured shoots and related gene expression patterns particularly for the novel gene GS

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham KHATAEE ◽  
Farah KARIMI ◽  
Khadijeh RAZAVI
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Domain 3

This study aimed to determine the effects of methyl jasmonate (Mj) combined with chromium (Cr) as elicitor on production of medicinal alkaloids, its antioxidant potential, and its effects on the expression of signaling and biosynthetic enzymes. Combined treatment had positive effects on secondary metabolism and changed genes expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (<em>MAPK3</em>), a transcription factor (TF) known as octadecanoid-responsive <em>Catharanthus</em> AP2-domain 3 (<em>ORCA3</em>) upstream of plant alkaloids biosynthetic pathway. Maximum expression levels of peroxidase1 (<em>PRX1</em>)<em>, </em>geissoschizine synthase (<em>GS</em>) (24 h-treatment), <em>MAPK3</em> and <em>ORCA3 </em>(8 h-treatment)<em>, </em>were 6.25−, 4.87-, 7.67-, and 5.38-fold higher than control, respectively, in response to 100 µM Mj + 50 µM Cr. This value was 5.92-fold for strictosidine synthase (<em>STR</em>) in response to 100 µM Mj + 100 µM Cr after 24 h. The maximum total yield of vincristine was 1.52-fold more than control in response to 100 µM Mj after one week. This increase was 2.16, 4.01, 2.39 and 1.97-fold for ajmalicine, vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine respectively, in response to 100 µM Mj + 50 µM Cr. Mj + Cr can elevate alkaloid production by induction of <em>MAPK3</em> and <em>ORCA3</em> signaling pathway, which induces expression of downstream terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) biosynthetic enzymes.

Cadmium accumulation and alkaloid production of Narcissus tazetta plants grown under in vitro condition with cadmium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Homeira Soleimani ◽  
Francoise Bernard ◽  
Mohsen Amini ◽  
Ramezan-Ali Khavari- nezhad
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Narcissus Tazetta

In vitro Fibre production and protein deposition in secondary hair follicles of the cashmere and angora goat

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
D R Lee ◽  
H Galbraith ◽  
J R Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Angora Goat

Hair fibre represents an important biological process to many feral and domesticated animals, both for environmental protection and as an aid to thermoregulation. Mohair which is the fine fibre produced by secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat grows essentially independent of season, with typical growth rates of 0.5-1 .0mm/day and annual yields typically 2-3kg. In contrast, down production from secondary hair follicles of double coated goats, classified as cashmere, is dependent on season. Fibre grows from around the summer to the winter solstice or later, with growth rates in this period of 0.3-0.7mm/day and annual yields maximally 600g but typically less than 100g. Questions arise as to how the seasonal stimuli affect fibre growth, and what determines the differences in fibre production between the two genotypes at the follicle level.In the work described here, based on the in vitro isolation and culture technique developed for the Angora and Cashmere goats by Ibraheem et al (1993, 1992 repectively) we have compared fibre volume produced in vivo and in vitro, examined the DNA concentration and protein depositional capacities of mohair and cashmere secondary follicles. In addition the effects of the hormones prolactin and melatonin as mediators of photoperiod in vivo, on in vitro protein deposition in mohair and cashmere secondary hair follicles are also examined.

Overexpression of Trp-related genes in Claviceps purpurea leading to increased ergot alkaloid production

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Michaela Králová ◽  
Jitka Frébortová ◽  
Aleš Pěnčík ◽  
Ivo Frébort
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Alkaloid Production

Enhancement of the anti-addictive lobeline and related alkaloid production of in vitro micropropagated Lobelia inflata L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Péter Bányai ◽  
Viktor József Vojnich ◽  
Ákos Máthé ◽  
László Kursinszki ◽  
Éva Szőke
Keyword(s):  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Lobelia Inflata ◽  
Related Alkaloid

Long-term passage of tachyzoites in tissue culture can attenuate virulence of Neospora caninum in vivo

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. BARTLEY ◽  
S. WRIGHT ◽  
J. SALES ◽  
F. CHIANINI ◽  
D. BUXTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
High Passage ◽  
Low Passage

To determine whether prolonged in vitro passage would result in attenuation of virulence in vivo, Neospora caninum tachyzoites were passaged for different lengths of time in vitro and compared for their ability to cause disease in mice. Groups of Balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 5×106 or 1×107 of low-passage or high-passage N. caninum tachyzoites. The mice were monitored for changes in their demeanour and body weight, and were culled when severe clinical symptoms of murine neosporosis were observed. Mice inoculated with the high-passage parasites survived longer (P<0·05), and showed fewer clinical symptoms of murine neosporosis, compared to the mice receiving the low-passage parasites. The parasite was detected in the brains of inoculated mice using immunohistochemistry and ITS1 PCR. Tissue cysts containing parasites were seen in mice inoculated with both low-passage and high-passage parasites. When the in vitro growth rates of the parasites were compared, the high-passage parasites initially multiplied more rapidly (P<0·001) than the low-passage parasites, suggesting that the high-passage parasites had become more adapted to tissue culture. These results would suggest that it is possible to attenuate the virulence of N. caninum tachyzoites in mice through prolonged in vitro passage.

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