Manganese, Calcium and Filtrate Factor for Morchella crassipes

Mycologia ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Robbins ◽  
Annette Hervey
Keyword(s):  
Morchella Crassipes

scholarly journals Subchromosome-Scale Nuclear and Complete Mitochondrial Genome Characteristics of Morchella crassipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yingli Cai ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Fang Shu ◽  
Lianfu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Morchella Crassipes

Morchella crassipes (Vent.) Pers., a typical yellow morel species with high economic value, is mainly distributed in the low altitude plains of Eurasia. However, rare research has been performed on its genomics and polarity, thus limiting its research and development. Here, we reported a fine physical map of the nuclear genome at the subchromosomal-scale and the complete mitochondrial genome of M. crassipes. The complete size of the nuclear genome was 56.7 Mb, and 23 scaffolds were assembled, with eight of them being complete chromosomes. A total of 11,565 encoding proteins were predicted. The divergence time analysis showed that M. crassipes representing yellow morels differentiated with black morels at ~33.98 Mya (million years), with 150 gene families contracted and expanded in M. crassipes versus the two black morels (M. snyderi and M. importuna). Furthermore, 409 CAZYme genes were annotated in M. crassipes, containing almost all plant cell wall degrading enzymes compared with the mycorrhizal fungi (truffles). Genomic annotation of mating type loci and amplification of the mating genes in the monospore population was conducted, the results indicated that M. crassipes is a heterothallic fungus. Additionally, a complete circular mitochondrial genome of M. crassipes was assembled, the size reached as large as 531,195 bp. It can be observed that the strikingly large size was the biggest up till now, coupled with 14 core conserved mitochondrial protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, 31 tRNAs, 51 introns, and 412 ncORFs. The total length of intron sequences accounted for 53.67% of the mitochondrial genome, with 19 introns having a length over 5 kb. Particularly, 221 of 412 ncORFs were distributed within 51 introns, and the total length of the ncORFs sequence accounted for 40.83% of the mitochondrial genome, and 297 ncORFs had expression activity in the mycelium stage, suggesting their potential functions in M. crassipes. Meanwhile, there was a high degree of repetition (51.31%) in the mitochondria of M. crassipes. Thus, the large number of introns, ncORFs and internal repeat sequences may contribute jointly to the largest fungal mitochondrial genome to date. The fine physical maps of nuclear genome and mitochondrial genome obtained in this study will open a new door for better understanding of the mysterious species of M. crassipes.

scholarly journals Bacterial farming by the fungus Morchella crassipes

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1773) ◽  
pp. 20132242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pion ◽  
Jorge E. Spangenberg ◽  
Anaele Simon ◽  
Saskia Bindschedler ◽  
Coralie Flury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Mutualistic Association ◽  
Morchella Crassipes

The interactions between bacteria and fungi, the main actors of the soil microbiome, remain poorly studied. Here, we show that the saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal soil fungus Morchella crassipes acts as a bacterial farmer of Pseudomonas putida , which serves as a model soil bacterium. Farming by M. crassipes consists of bacterial dispersal, bacterial rearing with fungal exudates, as well as harvesting and translocation of bacterial carbon. The different phases were confirmed experimentally using cell counting and 13 C probing. Common criteria met by other non-human farming systems are also valid for M. crassipes farming, including habitual planting, cultivation and harvesting. Specific traits include delocalization of food production and consumption and separation of roles in the colony (source versus sink areas), which are also found in human agriculture. Our study evidences a hitherto unknown mutualistic association in which bacteria gain through dispersal and rearing, while the fungus gains through the harvesting of an additional carbon source and increased stress resistance of the mycelium. This type of interaction between fungi and bacteria may play a key role in soils.

African Morchella crassipes (Ascomycota, Pezizales) revealed by analysis of nrDNA ITS

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Degreef ◽  
Eberhard Fischer ◽  
Cathy Sharp ◽  
Olivier Raspé
Keyword(s):  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Morchella Crassipes

Manganese, Calcium and Filtrate Factor for Morchella Crassipes

Mycologia ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Robbins ◽  
Annette Hervey
Keyword(s):  
Morchella Crassipes
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