Some Sporangial Variations in Saprolegnia ferax

Mycologia ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Fred T. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Saprolegnia Ferax

Some new records of lower aquatic fungi from western Maharashtra, Maharashtra State, India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 4846
Author(s):  
Vaishali Shinde* ◽  
A. B. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Aquatic Fungi ◽  
Saprolegnia Ferax

Present study deals with the study of some lower aquatic fungi different regions of Maharashtra viz., Acaulopage dichotoma Drechsler belong to family Zoophagacea (Class- Zygomycetes) while Achlya oblongata de Bary, Brevilegnia megasperma Harvey, Saprolegnia ferax (Gruith) Thuret and Saprolegnia subterranae (Dissman) Seymour belongs to family Saprolegniaceae (Class - Oomycetes). All these are new records of aquatic fungi from the Maharashtra state.

Actin has multiple roles in the formation and architecture of zoospores of the oomycetes, Saprolegnia ferax and Achlya bisexualis

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BRENT HEATH ◽  
RUTH L. HAROLD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin ◽  
Saprolegnia Ferax ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Microtubular Root ◽  
Achlya Bisexualis

Very similar changing patterns of actin are described with rhodamine-phalloidin labelling during the zoosporic life cycle of the oomycetes, Saprolegnia ferax and Achlya bisexualis. By comparing the changes with previously described ultrastructural and functional changes, we show that actin functions in numerous previously unrecognized processes. Most spectacularly, the directed vesicle expansions of the cytokinetic system involve newly formed actin which outlines the developing zoospores. Disruption of this actin with cytochalasins leads to abnormal cleavage as witnessed by the formation of enlarged and irregular cysts. Prior to cytokinesis, two new types of organelle are synthesized and one, known as K bodies, clusters around the nuclei. These organdies are actin-rich during development and clustering, consistent with actin functioning in their positioning. In the zoospores, actin is concentrated around the water expulsion vacuoles, indicating that they are contractile, and permeates the cytoplasm, probably with a skeletal role. This concept is supported by the first demonstration of actin specifically associated with a microtubular root in the secondary zoospore. Upon encystment there is a dramatic increase in stained actin in the form of peripheral plaques associated with the newly synthesized cell wall. When the cysts germinate, a fibrillar actin cap, comparable to that previously described in hyphal tips, forms in the germ tube apex, but only after cell wall softening to permit germ tube protrusion. This sequence is consistent with the actin cap modulating turgor-driven expansion of the tip as previously discussed for hyphae. In addition to disrupting cleavage-associated actin, cytochalasins show developmental stage, dose and drug (CE≥CD≥CB) specific effects on zoosporulation-related actin, which indicates that, contrary to previous suggestions, rhodamine-phalloidin staining is a useful indicator of actin behaviour in response to cytochalasins. These responses include differential effects on adjoining actin arrays, some of which are transient in the continued presence of the drugs, indicating a mechanism of drug adaptation.

Biochemical contributions to the taxonomic status of the Endogonaceae

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. M. Weijman ◽  
H. L. C. Meuzelaar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Saprolegnia Ferax ◽  
Mucor Mucedo ◽  
Allomyces Arbuscula ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Curie Point Pyrolysis

The Endogonaceae are generally considered as zygomycete representatives, although zygospores have only been observed in the type genus Endogone. Consequently, the oomycetous or chytridiomycetous nature of some fungi classified in the Endogonaceae cannot be excluded. The presence or absence of chitin in cell walls can indicate the oomycetous or zygomycetous relationship. The occurrence of glucosamine was investigated by gas–liquid chromatographic analysis of intact cell hydrolyzates, a process requiring small quantities of material. The cells were also characterized by Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry. These two techniques were applied to lyophilized spores or sporocarps of Endogone, Glomus, Glaziella, and Gigaspora. Mucor mucedo, Allomyces arbuscula, Pythium spinosum, and Saprolegnia ferax were included for comparison.In all endogonaceous isolates tested, a strong predominance of chitin was indicated, supporting their classification within the Zygomycetes.The phylogenetic significance of chitin and cellulose distribution in fungal cell walls is discussed.

The organization of tip-growth-related organelles and microtubules revealed by quantitative analysis of freeze-substituted oomycete hyphae

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
I. BRENT HEATH ◽  
SUSAN G.W. KAMINSKYJ
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Body ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Saprolegnia Ferax ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Serial Section Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Actin Cables

The distribution of organelles and microtubules in hyphal tips of the oomycete, Saprolegnia ferax, were quantitatively determined at high resolution from serial-section electron microscopy of freeze-substituted cells. All the organelles and the microtubules were non-uniformly distributed, each showing a characteristic longitudinal gradient starting at a different point behind the tip. In addition, when the cytoplasmic cross-sectional area was divided into radial regions, all organelles occurred preferentially in either the central (mitochondria and Golgi bodies) or the peripheral (microtubules, wall vesicles and spherical vesicles) region. The nuclei were so large as to span both regions but were always oriented with their centrioles facing the plasmalemma. Microtubules occurred in the extreme tips, became more abundant sub-apically, were predominantly short but increased in mean length with distance from the tip. The correlated patterns of organelle and cytoskeleton organization from this and previous work show that neither the microtubules nor the detected arrays of actin are sufficient to account for most organelle arrangements. However, on the basis of the distribution and orientation of the predominantly elongated wall vesicles, we suggest that the wall vesicles travel radially from their origin at the centrally located Golgi bodies to the cell periphery where they are transported longitudinally to the hyphal tip in conjunction with the plasmalemma-associated actin cables. Our data also suggest that the hyphae contain a cortical ectoplasm with which the nuclei interact, at least in part, via their centrioles and centriole-associated microtubules, and whose mechanical integrity is increased by both the peripheral actin cables and a high density of microtubules. We suggest that the endoplasm is less strong and has physiological properties that enhance the differentiation of endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope into Golgi body production.

Some Sporangial Variations in Saprolegnia Ferax

Mycologia ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Author(s):  
Fred T. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Saprolegnia Ferax

scholarly journals Epidermal ‘alarm substance’ cells of fishes maintained by non-alarm functions: possible defence against pathogens, parasites and UVB radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1625) ◽  
pp. 2611-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Chivers ◽  
Brian D Wisenden ◽  
Carrie J Hindman ◽  
Tracy A Michalak ◽  
Robin C Kusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Alarm Substance ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Saprolegnia Ferax ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Saprolegnia Parasitica ◽  
Alarm Substance Cells

Many fishes possess specialized epidermal cells that are ruptured by the teeth of predators, thus reliably indicating the presence of an actively foraging predator. Understanding the evolution of these cells has intrigued evolutionary ecologists because the release of these alarm chemicals is not voluntary. Here, we show that predation pressure does not influence alarm cell production in fishes. Alarm cell production is stimulated by exposure to skin-penetrating pathogens (water moulds: Saprolegnia ferax and Saprolegnia parasitica ), skin-penetrating parasites (larval trematodes: Teleorchis sp. and Uvulifer sp.) and correlated with exposure to UV radiation. Suppression of the immune system with environmentally relevant levels of Cd inhibits alarm cell production of fishes challenged with Saprolegnia . These data are the first evidence that alarm substance cells have an immune function against ubiquitous environmental challenges to epidermal integrity. Our results indicate that these specialized cells arose and are maintained by natural selection owing to selfish benefits unrelated to predator–prey interactions. Cell contents released when these cells are damaged in predator attacks have secondarily acquired an ecological role as alarm cues because selection favours receivers to detect and respond adaptively to public information about predation.

The Mitochondrial Genome of Saprolegnia ferax: Organization, Gene Content and Nucleotide Sequence

Mycologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Scott Grayburn ◽  
Deborah S. S. Hudspeth ◽  
Melody K. Gane ◽  
Michael E. S. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Saprolegnia Ferax
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