The East India Company “Interest” and the English Government, 1783-4

1937 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Indian History ◽  
Indian Affairs

Thex period 1772–84 was the formative period of British Indian history. During these years Indian affairs were constantly before Parliament; the questions of the relation of the East India Company to the State, and of the home to the Indian administration were dealt with, and the system of government instituted in 1784 was not fundamentally changed until 1858.

scholarly journals Merchants and States: Private Trade and the Fall of Madras, 1746

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Søren Mentz
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The State ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
British State

Michael Pearson has argued that “rights for revenue” was an important element in the European way of organizing long-distance trade in the early modern period. The state provided indigenous merchant groups with commercial privileges and allowed them to influence political affairs. In return, the state received a part of the economic surplus. The East India Company and the British state shared such a relationship. However, as this article demonstrates, the East India Company was not an impersonal entity. It consisted of many layers of private entrepreneurs, who pursued their own private interests sheltered by the Company’s privileged position. One such group was the Company servants in Asia. The French conquest of Madras in 1746 and the following period of British sub-imperialism in India demonstrate that the state had traded off too many rights. Through the business papers of Willian Monson, a senior Company servant in Madras, the historian can describe the fall of Madras as a consequence of deteriorating relationships between private interests within the Company structure. Directors, shareholders, Company servants and private merchants in India fell out with each other. In this situation, the British state found it difficult to intervene.

scholarly journals Socio-Religious and Political Changes in Punjab during the Second Half of Nineteenth Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karanbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
The State ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Anglo Indian

<div><p><em>After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the East India Company defeated the Khalsa Army of Lahore Darbar in two Anglo-Sikh Wars. Being astute political masters, the British felt the lurking fear of simmering discontent among the Punjabis against their rule. For safeguarding the logistics of administration, efficacious precautionary measures were undertaken by them to satisfy the grievances of certain sections of the society so that British rule would face lesser political instability and enmity of the natives. After 1857, the British conducted a thorough study of ethnographic, fiscal, geographical, political, social and religious conditions of Punjab and oriented their administrative policies to suit the best interests of the Empire.  Far-reaching political, economic and social changes were introduced by the British to strengthen their hold over all branches of administration. A new administrative hierarchy, composed of Anglo-Indian elements was firmly established and it embraced every activity of the state.  </em></p></div>

scholarly journals Royal Patronage and Religious Tolerance The Formative Period of Gupta–Vākāṭaka Culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS BAKKER
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Temple

AbstractPatronage by the royal court of religious institutions and foundations is one of the hallmarks of the development of India under the rule of the Gupta and Vākāṭaka kings (4th–5th centuries). This patronage was extended also to religious movements other than the king's own persuasion. The evolving culture of religious tolerance and enthusiasm is apparent in the temple monuments of the time. In this article we focus on four archeological sites where these developments become best visible: Udayagiri, Māṇḍhaḷ, Rāmagiri (Ramtek), and Mansar. The close relationship of the Gupta and Vākāṭaka realms is investigated in its local settings. Renewed attention is given to the ‘Mandhal Inscription, Year 5’ of the Vākāṭaka king Rudrasena II and the deity on whose authority the charter was issued: Muṇḍasvāmin. It is argued that the name Muṇḍa refers to no one else than the Gupta queen of Rudrasena II, Prabhāvatī Guptā. During the last decade, excavations in Mansar (5 km west of Ramtek) have brought to light the state sanctuary of the youngest son of Prabhāvatī, Pravarasena II. The findings there are placed within the tradition that can be traced back, through Rāmagiri and Māṇḍhaḷ, to the religious foundations in Udayagiri.

The Emergence of the Informal Sector: Labour legislation and politics in South India, 1940–60

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1148
Author(s):  
KARUNA DIETRICH WIELENGA
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
South India ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Labour Legislation

AbstractThe informal sector and informal employment relations occupy a prominent place in India's economy: one of their key features is the apparent absence of the state from labour regulation. This article seeks to trace the emergence of the division between the formal and informal sectors in India's economy from a historical perspective: it shows how the state, far from being absent, played a fundamental role in creating the dichotomy. This is done through a close study of labour legislation and the politics around it, taking South India as a case study. The article examines the enactment of four laws in Madras province in the late 1940s, ostensibly aimed at protecting workers, and their subsequent implementation by the Madras government. It shows how these laws ended by excluding workers from small unorganized industries (such as beedi-making, arecanut-processing, handloom-weaving, and tanning) from legal protection. It explores the ramifications of this exclusion and argues that the reinforcement of the formal–informal divide was the outcome of a complex political struggle between employers, workers' unions, and the state during this formative period.

“Ticklish Points”: The English East India Company and Japan, 1621

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Massarella
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
East India Company ◽  
English East India Company

AbstractThe previously unpublished text of a letter written by John Osterwick in Hirado to Richard Fursland, President of the Council of Defence, around the end of September 1621. Its value lies in the detail which it provides of the state of the English East India Company's factory in Japan, eight years after it was established and two years before it closed.

scholarly journals Wistful thinking: Making Inuit labour and the Nanisivik mine near Ikpiarjuk (Arctic Bay), northern Baffin Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank James Tester ◽  
Drummond E. J. Lambert ◽  
Tee Wern Lim
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Good For ◽  
Indian Affairs ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Settlements

AbstractThis article interrogates discourse about Inuit in relation to employment issues and the Inuit response to “what was good for them” at the intersection of colonial and postcolonial thought in the 1970s. Attempts to integrate Inuit with a modern industrial economy occurred after Inuit had moved, or been moved, from land-based hunting and trapping camps to new settlements developing in the eastern Arctic. We examine the planning stage (1970-1976) of the Nanisivik mine at Strathcona Sound on the northern tip of Baffin Island that operated from 1976 until 2002. Building on the work of James O’Connor in the early 1970s and concepts of legitimisation and accumulation functions of the State, and using the archival records of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and the Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, we explore the extent to which Inuit were constructed as “labour in need of employment.” In examining debate between officials of these departments, we seek to find out to what extent other needs went unmet, based on experience with the Rankin Inlet Nickel Mine (1957-1962). Inuit resistance to this definition and the relationship between Inuit as hunters and Inuit as wage earners are explored with reference to contemporary mining development in Nunavut.

scholarly journals Acquiring the Power of Natives: The Socio-Economic Transition of Malabar into the Colonial Economy, 1792-1812

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
T Sandeep
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian History ◽  
Indian Peninsula ◽  
Administrative Power ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
English East India Company

The end of the eighteenth century, the English East India Company dominated most of the part of the Indian peninsula. In a way, it was also considered as the revolutionary transition of the Indian society through the westernization. At the same time, some historians point out that, it was the period of anarchy as well as the dark age of the Indian history. The English East India Company controlled the trade between India and Europe, and finally they acquired the administrative power over India. In the context of Malabar, the English East India Company took the administration in 1792, and emerged as a kind of superlord through the domination over the indigenous rulers. The advent of the Company rule in Malabar replaced the traditional customs and introduced structural changes in the society and economy. This study emphasis on the people’s attitude towards the Company administration in Malabar  and how they incorporated to the ‘new administration’. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.11180 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 160-163 

MANUELA MARIN, ED., The Formation of al-Andalus. Part 1: History and Society, The Formation of the Classical Islamic World (Hampshire, U.K.: Ashgate Publishing, 1998). Pp. 529. MARIBEL FIERROAND JULIO SAMSÓ, ED., The Formation of al-Andalus. Part 2: Language, Religion, Culture and the Sciences, The Formation of the Classical Islamic World (Hampshire, U.K.: Ashgate Publishing, 1998). Pp. 524.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Janina Safran
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Ashgate Publishing ◽  
Selection Of

As Lawrence I. Conrad explains in the general editor's Preface, the intention of the series, The Formation of the Classical Islamic World, is to present a critical selection of previously published articles on an aspect of the formative period of Islam, defined as A.D. 600–950. Each of the volumes is edited by an expert in a field of Islamic studies and is meant to serve as an introduction to the state of knowledge of a given topic and significant debates within the scholarship, conveying a variety of approaches. The two volumes under review here have a geographical rather than a thematic focus and together present forty articles on a range of topics having to do with the first three centuries of Islam on the Iberian peninsula. The two volumes on The Formation of al-Andalus are meant to be read together. “Part 1: History and Society” and “Part 2: Language, Religion, Culture and the Sciences” share overlapping themes, and their references and bibliographies are complementary.

Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm on Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 188-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zinoman
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
First Time

On January 19, 1960, the People’s Court of Hà Nội of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) staged a show-trial for five defendants accused of participating in the famous domestic political protest movement known as Nhân Văn - Giai Phẩm. The defendants included the well-known political activist Nguyễn Hữu Đang and the celebrated female writer Thụy An, both of whom were found guilty and issued fifteen-year prison sentences. Based on a lengthy report about this case authored by the judge who presided at the trial and only recently unearthed from state archives in Hà Nội, this paper illuminates for the first time the mysterious inner workings of this notorious judicial proceeding. It also sheds light on the nature of Vietnamese communist legal culture and on the relative power of the party and the state during this formative period in the history of the DRV.

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