scholarly journals The Causes of the War of Jenkins' Ear, 1739

1909 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 197-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold W. V. Temperley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
Exact Amount ◽  
English Colonies

Both Burke and Coxe have said that Jenkins never lost his ear from the stroke of a Spanish ‘cutlash’; a modern historian has shown it to be likely that he did. What, however, is more important than the establishment of this truth is the decision as to the exact amount of influence it had upon producing the war which followed. Jenkins' ear may be said to typify the feelings of the English public in their broad sense, their hatred for the Spaniards as cruel Papists, their insular detestation of the foreigner, and the like. The question is how far did these feelings influence the declaration of war; what were the main motives of the diplomats on either side? Did the English statesmen first truckle to Spain and then to England? The great interest of such an inquiry lies in the fact that the year 1739 was a turning point of history. It was, perhaps, the first of English wars in which the trade interest absolutely predominated, in which the war was waged solely for balance of trade rather than for balance of power. But it is not alone memorable on this account; from this war issued, in a clear and undeviating succession, the series of wars which were waged between England and France during the eighteenth century — wars in which Spain was sometimes a passive spectator, oftener an active enemy, never the friend of England. Spain's alliance with France produced grave complications for England in 1743, contributed to the fall of the greatest of English ministers in 1761, and to the loss of the greatest of English colonies in 1783.

scholarly journals Reseña de: Alimento, Antonella & Stapelbroek, Koen (eds.), The Politics of Commercial Treaties in the Eighteenth Century: Balance of Power, Balance of Trade

2019 ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Fidel J. Tavárez
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Balance Of Trade

Reseña de: Alimento, Antonella & Stapelbroek, Koen (eds.), The Politics of Commercial Treaties in the Eighteenth Century: Balance of Power, Balance of Trade, Palgrave, Macmillan, 2017, 472 pp., ISBN: 978-3-319-53574-6

scholarly journals Shaftesbury and the Ethical Poets in England, 1700-1760

PMLA ◽  
1916 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-325
Author(s):  
C. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

One of the notable changes in English literature during the eighteenth century is a growth in altruism. It is a change which involves not only a breaking down of the old aristocratic indifference to the lower classes of society during the Restoration, but the establishment of a new ethical theory; literature displayed a broader human interest and assigned a new reason for its sympathy. It is usually assumed that the difference is due principally to the influx of French philosophy. This assumption at least minimizes the importance of a development which had taken place in the literature of England itself before the general interest in Rousseau. (The change, especially in poetry, is to be traced largely, I think, to the Characteristics (1711) of Lord Shaftesbury, whose importance as a literary influence in England has never been duly recognized. It has long since been established that his system of philosophy constitutes a turning-point in the history of pure speculation, especially in ethics; it has more recently been shown also that he is responsible for many of the moral ideas which inform the popular literature of Germany from Haller to Herder. But his influence upon the popular writers of his own country has received scant notice.

“So Warlike a Disposition”

Fit for War ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
English Colonies

This chapter examines how interactions with Carolina influenced Catawba militarism. In the early eighteenth century, Catawba warriors began to serve as ethnic soldiers, auxiliaries for the English colonies. These exploits provided an important venue for men to achieve notoriety, but triggered cycles of retaliation with other American Indian polities. To facilitate their military operations, defend their homes, and access the main trading path, the Catawba clustered their towns near Nation Ford. This military orientation contributed to the geopolitical persistence of the Catawba Nation, but also led to a precarious state of affairs. The ways in which Catawba men, women, and children experienced these conditions are considered, along with evidence for an episode of food insecurity in the 1750s. Militarism also encouraged the incorporation of refugees into Catawba communities, but little is known about how this process actually took place. The concepts of coalescence and ethnogenesis are used to frame questions later addressed through the examination of archaeological data in chapters 6 and 7.

David Hume’s Balancing Act: The Political Discourses and the Sinews of War

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
DANIELLE CHARETTE
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
David Hume ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Balance Of Trade

Both champions and critics of “neorealism” in contemporary international relations misinterpret David Hume as an early spokesman for a universal and scientific balance-of-power theory. This article instead treats Hume’s “Of the Balance of Power,” alongside the other essays in his Political Discourses (1752), as conceptual resources for a historically inflected analysis of state balancing. Hume’s defense of the balance of power cannot be divorced from his critique of commercial warfare in “Of the Balance of Trade” and “Of the Jealousy of Trade.” To better appreciate Hume’s historical and economic approach to foreign policy, this article places Hume in conversation with Machiavelli, Guicciardini, Andrew Fletcher, and Montesquieu. International relations scholars suspicious of static paradigms should reconsider Hume’s genealogy of the balance of power, which differs from the standard liberal and neorealist accounts. Well before International Political Economy developed as a formal subdiscipline, Hume was conceptually treating economics and power politics in tandem.

“With the Tatar Barbarism of Batu:” References to History in Russian Works Concerning Napoleon’s Campaign, 1812–1814

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 125-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Parppei
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
European Russia ◽  
The Way ◽  
Dividing Line

The invasion of Napoleon’s troops all the way to Moscow in 1812 has been seen as a turning point that accelerated the development of nationalistic thinking in Russia, already burgeoning at the turn of the century. Depictions of the invasion, produced from 1812–1814 indicate that perceptions of the collective past were in a state of both fermentation and formation, together with questions of Russia’s geopolitical position. The authors were leaning simultaneously on the eighteenth-century image of enlightened, imperial and European Russia, and the medieval ideas of religion as the dividing line between “us” and “them.”

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