scholarly journals The Beginnings of the Cistercian Order

1905 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 169-207
Author(s):  
W. A. Parker Mason
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Old French ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Cistercian Order ◽  
Rolling Plain ◽  
French Words ◽  
The Church

In the eastern part of the Duchy of Burgundy, in a region which now forms the southern portion of the Côte-d'Or Department, lies Cîteaux. The country around, after gently sloping from the hills on which Dijon stands, some four or five leagues to the north, here expands into a rolling plain formed by the basin of the Saône, and not far away southwards there is the junction of this river with its tributaries, the Doubs and the Denthe. The Côte-d'Or hills to the north-west protect it from some of the more violent storms, and under their shelter and through the congenial nature of the soil has grown up the great vine-growing industry of the district. Around Cîteaux in old days the country was wild, marshy, and a tangled mass of scrub, and even to-day the soil here is marshy, and there is an abundance of pools. The name itself shows the nature of the place: in its older form Cisteaux, or Cistercium, it seems to be derived either from Cisternæ, which Du Cange explains as ‘a marsh with stagnant pools’; or from Cistels, as the Bollandists give the form of the word; or Citeals, which is the form of the word preferred by Courtépée, with a variant Cisteauls. These last are explained as old French words meaning marsh rushes. Whichever be the correct derivation, the fact pointed to is the same; the word itself shows the swampy, unpromising nature of the country. But here was to spring up the mother-house of one of the greatest and most powerful of the religious orders of the Church, which some ot its adherents could claim to have been the mother of 10,000 dependent houses, 4,000 male, and 6,000 female, by the seventeenth century.

scholarly journals XXXVI. An account of the effects of lightening at South Weald, in Essex

1764 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 198-200
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
The Church

South Weald is a village in Essex, about eighteen miles distant from London, and two to the north west of Brentwood. In the road from London there is an almost continual ascent for the last four or five miles, which makes a considerable eminence above any parts of the neighbouring country. On the highest part of it stands the church, which has at the west end a tower, and in one corner of this there is a round turret, being a continuation of the stair-case, about four feet wide, eight feet high, and the walls of it one foot thick. In the top of the wall of this turret, which was leaded, are fixed several iron bars, that are bent so as to meet in the middle and support a weather-cock, which was put up about sixteen years ago.

scholarly journals I. Observations on the Antiquity and Use of Beacons, more particularly here in England. By Mr. Professor Ward, of Gresham College

Archaeologia ◽  
1779 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ward
Keyword(s):  
West Side ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Church

In the year 1740, as I was viewing, with a friend, the church at Burton Dasset in Warwickshire, we happened to observe a painted board placed over the entrance into the chancel, but so covered with dust, that neither we, nor the sexton who attended us, knew what to make of it. But as it seemed to represent something uncommon, we desired we might inspect it somewhat more nearly: And when the sexton had taken it down, and washed it, we perceived it was the picture of a coat of arms, with a Beacon for the crest, (as represented in plate I.) and upon further enquiry we found that, by tradition, there had been formerly a Beacon upon the North-west side of the hill where the church stands, erected by one of the Belknap family, who was then lord of that manor. The board that contains this picture, is nineteen inches and a half in height, and fourteen in breadth. The draught here given of it is reduced to the size of one fourth of the original.

scholarly journals WOMEN INVESTORS AND THE VIRGINIA COMPANY IN THE EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
MISHA EWEN
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sugar Trade ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
Early English

AbstractThis article explores the role of women investors in the Virginia Company during the early seventeenth century, arguing that women determined the success of English overseas expansion by ‘adventuring’ not just their person, but their purse. Trading companies relied on the capital of women, and yet in seminal work on Virginia Company investors women have received no attention at all. This is a significant oversight, as studying the women who invested in trading companies illuminates broader issues regarding the role of women in the early English empire. This article explores why and how two women from merchant backgrounds, Rebecca Romney (d. 1644) and Katherine Hueriblock (d. 1639), managed diverse, global investment portfolios in the period before the Financial Revolution. Through company records, wills, letters, court depositions, and a surviving church memorial tablet, it reconstructs Romney's and Hueriblock's interconnected interests in ‘New World’ ventures, including in Newfoundland, the North-West Passage Company, Virginia colony, and sugar trade. Studying women investors reveals how trade and colonization shaped economic activity and investment practices in the domestic sphere and also elucidates how women, in their role as investors, helped give birth to an English empire.

scholarly journals An Attempt of Ancient Relief Reconstruction of the Tver Kremlin Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 417-430
Author(s):  
В. В. Данилов ◽  
Е. А. Романова ◽  
А. М. Салимов ◽  
О. М. Олейников ◽  
М. А. Салимова
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Drilling Data ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена реконструкции древнего рельефа территории Тверского кремля. Использованы данные об отметках поверхности материка, полученные при проведении археологических исследований и геобурения. В результате анализа полученных данных выявлена самая высокая точка кремля, располагавшаяся примерно в центральной части площадки, где в XII-XIII вв. находилась церковь Козьмы и Дамиана, а с 1285 г. - главный храм Твери - Спасо-Преображенский собор. Выявлена подольная часть кремля к северу от холма, значительные понижения площадки кремля к западу и югу. Очевидно, древний рельеф обусловил границы крепости, а также расположение главного храма города. The article presents the results of archaeological together with geological drilling data analysis on ancient relief of Tver kremlin territory. The research shows that a sandy hill was situated in the centre of future kremlin, where the church of Kozma and Damian, then the Cathedral of the Our Saviour Transfiguration were built. The ancient surface of the kremlin territory considerably descended to the north, west and south. Evidently the ancient relief of that ground determined the situation of kremlin's fortification line.

scholarly journals I gesuati a Chiusi

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-374
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mignoni
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Material Good ◽  
The Church

The presence of the Gesuati in Chiusi, although limited in size and length of time, developed beyond all expectation. At the beginning of the seventeenth century the followers of the Blessed Colombini were called to officiate at the church of the “Madonna della Quercia al Pino” in the countryside just outside Chiusi. The friars arrived at a difficult moment after other religious orders had relinquished the post. The Gesuati did their utmost for the spiritual good of the faithful as well as the material good of the church. Unfortunately after only a few years, the Bishop of Chiusi entrusted the building to a secular priest effectively closing the little convent. The conflict which followed between the church, the diocese and the municipality only worsened the situation to the deep regret of the faithful.

scholarly journals The Derwentdale Plot, 1663.

1917 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Gee
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
West Side ◽  
North West ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Common Prayer ◽  
The Church

Derwentdale is the valley through which the Derwent runs on the north-west side of the county of Durham. In this valley one of the first Anabaptist churches was gathered in the time of the Protectorate, and here, in the early years after the Restoration, a dangerous plot was formed, which presently ramified through the length and breadth of England. The object of this design, in the words of the man who discovered it, was‘to rise in rebellion against the government, and to destroy Parliament, and murder all Bishops, Deans, and Chapters, and all other ministers of the Church; to break all organs, and further to kill all the gentry that should either oppose them, or not join with them, and to destroy the Common Prayer Book, and to pull down all Churches.’

scholarly journals VIII. The Cambrian area of Rushton (Shropshire)

1934 ◽  
Vol 223 (494-508) ◽  
pp. 305-409 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
The Church

The Cambrian rocks described in this paper lie north of the River Severn between the Wrekin Fault, that runs along the north-west flank of the Wrekin, and the Church Stretton Fault which passes west of Charlton Hill (map, PI. 38). A few exposures on the south-east side of the Wrekin are also mentioned. The area is bounded on the north in part by the outcrop of the Rushton Schist and in part by the Uriconian rocks of Charlton Hill to the south of which a small inlier of these older rocks forms the minor elevation of Brom Hill and is entirely surrounded by the Cambrian beds. The south-eastern part of the area is covered by the Coal Measures of the small coalfield of Dryton, south-east of which we also note the occurrence of an Upper Cambrian ( Ctenopyge ) fauna in Dryton Brook.

scholarly journals МУСУЛЬМАНЕ «ТОЯНОВА ГОРОДКА»

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenij Vodyasov
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Right ◽  
Burial Rite

В статье публикуются итоги исследований мусульманских захоронений на могильнике «Тоянов городок», который является одним из самых ранних памятников ислама в Нижнем Притомье. Делается вывод, что в середине – второй половине XVII в. на кладбище сосуществовали две разные группы мусульманских захоронений. Первая группа мусульманских захоронений объединяет безынвентарные погребения с положением умерших головой на северо-запад с доворотом лица направо. Сделан вывод, что эта традиция не характерна для погребального обряда Нижнего Притомья и является привнесенной с территории Тарского Прииртышья. Появление на «Тояновом городке» захоронений с северо-западной ориентацией связано с переселением в окрестности Томска чатских татар в первой трети – середине XVII в. Для второй группы характерно соблюдение киблы положением умершего головой на юго-восток с доворотом лица налево. Инвентарь в этих захоронениях присутствует, что отражает пережитки доисламских верований. Происхождение этой группы захоронений объясняется трансформацией местного погребального обряда. Во второй половине XVII в. происходит исчезновение курганного способа захоронения, и растет количество безынвентарных погребений в связи с укреплением новой веры. При этом в обряде фиксируются пережитки доисламских верований, что само по себе закономерно для распространения любой религии в мире. Автор приходит к заключению, что на рубеже XVII–XVIII вв. исчезает обычай укладывать умерших головой на юго-восток, и «северо-западная» кибла вытесняет местную традицию. В начале XVIII в. в погребальном обряде происходят существенные перемены: окончательно исчезают курганные насыпи, могилы становятся глубже, появляются ниши (подбои), чего не отмечалось в более ранних мусульманских некрополях. Перемены связаны с прибытием мусульманского населения из Поволжья и Предуралья и их расселением в Татарской Слободе. С начала XVIII в. вплоть до рубежа XIX–XX в. мусульманский обряд унифицировался и существовал в неизменном виде.The article presents the results of research on Muslim burials in the hillfort named ‘Toyanov gorodok’ – one of the oldest Islamic sites in the Lower Tom region. The conclusion is drawn that in the middle to the second half of the seventeenth century, two different groups of Muslim burials coexisted here. The first group of the Muslim burials encompasses graves with no inventory, with the deceased placed with their heads to the north-west and their faces turned to the right. It is concluded that this tradition is not consistent with the burial rite spread in the Lower Tom and was brought in from outside, namely, the Tar Irtysh region. The emergence of such burials in the Toyanov Gorodok was associated with the settlement of the Chat Tatars on the outskirts of Tomsk in the first third to the middle seventeenth century. Characteristic of the second group was the placement of the deceased according to the Qiblah, with the head turned to the south-east and the face turned to the left. Some inventory was found in these burials, which is indicative of pre-Islamic beliefs. The origins of this group are accounted for by the transformation of the local burial rite. In the second half of the seventeenth century, the kurgan type of burials disappeared, whereas the number of burials with no inventory grew due to the strengthening of the new faith. At the same time, the vestiges of pre-Islamic beliefs can be seen in the burial rite, which in itself is natural for the spread of any religion in the world. The author concludes that at the turn of the seventeenth to the eighteenth centuries, the rite of placing the deceased with their heads to the south-east ceased to exist, and the ‘Qiblah north-west orientation’ replaced the local tradition. In the early eighteenth century, the burial rite changed significantly: the kurgan type of burials ceased to exist completely, the graves became deeper, and grave niches started to appear which were not reported to be found in older Muslim necropolises. These changes were connected with the arrival of the Muslim population from the Volga and the Ural regions and its settlement in the Tatar Sloboda. From the early eighteenth century up until the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries, the Muslim rite was consolidated and remained unchanged since.

Ira Aldridge in the North of England: Provincial Theatre and the Politics of Abolition

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Theresa Saxon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
North West ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
The North ◽  
The Press ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Racial Hierarchies ◽  
The Church

African American actor Ira Aldridge, who toured widely across Britain, Scotland, Ireland, and Europe and is the first known black performer to play Othello in England, is the focus of this chapter by Theresa Saxon. She focuses on the critical reception of his work in London and in provincial theatres in the North West and how newspaper reviews of his performances reflected regional attitudes toward racial identities and debates about enslavement. Saxon describes how theatres, in addition to the Church and the press, were one of the central loci of the dramatization of arguments over the slave trade and abolition of slavery. Aldridge’s reviews in London papers, where his characters were almost always enslaved, were largely racist and even his defenders’ reviews were through the lens of race. In contrast, his reception in the regional patent theatres of Manchester, Liverpool and Lancaster, centers of abolitionist activity, were typically positive and lauded. Although there does not seem to have been direct association between Aldridge and abolitionist figures, much of the critical praise he received smacked with the rhetoric of abolitionism as it focused on his skill and intellect to illustrate the wrongs of pro-slavery arguments of racial hierarchies.

“Our Cause” in the North-West Region: J.I. Fudel’s Views (1889–1892)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Vinyukova
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church ◽  
North Western

The article examines the views of the Orthodox priest I.I. Fudel on the position and goals of the Orthodox Church in the North-Western region and on the confessional policy of the Russian Empire in that region. The position of father Joseph, who served in Bialystok for several years, correlates with the opinion of major figures in the public debate on that issue – A.A. Vladimirov, I.P. Kornilov, M.N. Katkov, K.N. Leontiev, – and Slavophil idea. Special attention is paid to the polemics of Fudel and Vladimirov in the «Russian review» journal. The author shows that the idea of «our cause» for father Joseph was precisely the Orthodox mission, which, in turn, would have led to natural, voluntary assimilation of local population. Putting the «religious» above the «national» and «governmental», distinguishing the interests, goals and means of the state and the Church, Fudel did not deny the role of the state principles in the establishment of Orthodoxy in the region, which he saw primarily as imperative of government funding of various Church institutions.

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