The Colonial Empire of the Portuguese to the Death of Albuquerque

1894 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Raymond Beazley
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Naval Leadership ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

The first of modern colonial empires, the dominion of the Portuguese on the coasts and seas of Africa and India is in one sense more interesting than any of its successors. For it is, of course, essentially and peculiarly connected with the beginnings of that expansion of Europe and Christendom which, above all else, marks off the modern from the mediæval world. In other words, the growth of Portugal through discovery into a position of commercial and naval leadership is of general value to the whole of the Western world, in a way that is not shared by the similar and later growth of Spain, Holland, France or England. The development of these states belongs mainly to their own history. Immensely as they influenced one another, they none of them, to the same extent as Portugal, opened the way by which alone Europe could expand at all. None of them can rival her in the credit of breaking down the middle wall of superstitious terror which parted the unknown worlds along and beyond the ocean from the Christendom of Dante and Chaucer. None of them, in the same special originative way, can claim the glory that Camoens claims for his nation, the glory ofOpening up those wastes of tide,No generation openèd before.

Feminism

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

The topic of feminism within the history of political philosophy and political theory might seem to be quite ambiguous. Feminists interested in the history of political philosophy did not urge the abandonment of the canon at all, but were instead protesting the way in which political philosophy was studied. They thus advocated “opening up” the canon, rather than its abolishment. There have been at least five ways in which this “opening” of the canon has been developed by feminists in the history of political philosophy. All of them do not only demonstrate that the history of political philosophy is important to feminism; they also demonstrate that feminism is important to the history of political philosophy. A two-tiered structure of freedom, with some conceptualizations of freedom designated for men and the wealthy, and other conceptualizations designated for laborers and women, shows that class and gender were important dimensions to be explored when examining the history of political philosophy. One way in which feminism has opened up the canon is its relevance to contemporary politics.

scholarly journals The ‘standard of civilization’ in international law: Intellectual perspectives from pre-war Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Far East ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Western World ◽  
European Standard ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Historical Pattern ◽  
National Spirit ◽  
Opening Up

AbstractThis article establishes the normative connection between Japan’s responses to regional hegemonic order prior to the nineteenth century and its subsequent engagement with the European standard of civilization. I argue that the Japanese understanding of the ‘standard of civilization’ in the nineteenth century was informed by the historical pattern of its responses to hegemony and the discourse on cultural superiority in the Far East that shifted from Sinocentrism to the unbroken Imperial lineage to the national-spirit. Although Japanese scholars accepted and engaged with the European standard of civilization after the forced opening up of Japan to the Western world in the mid-nineteenth century, they did so for instrumental purposes and soon translated ‘civilization’ into a language of imperialism to reassert supremacy in the region. Through intellectual historiography, this narrative contextualizes Japan’s engagement with the European standard of civilization, and offers an analytical framework not only to go beyond Eurocentrism but also to identify various other loci of hegemony, which are connected through the same language of power.

Desert island dislocation: Emotion, nostalgia, and the utility of music

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Desert Island ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores how the contrivance of asking people to imagine being cast away on a desert island has provided the basis for radio discussions of disc recordings that go beyond questions of taste and aesthetic value, opening up considerations of potential utility. Guests are simply asked which discs they would want to have with them if alone on a desert island, and why. Explanations for given choices often include the way in which music and other sound recordings might prove useful—for managing the castaway’s moods, their social isolation, their sense of loss and displacement, their ostensibly endless ‘free time’, and their likely desire to wish to keep memory of people and places alive. Castaways mostly choose music, but sometimes opt for recordings of other sorts, including of their children. These prove to be nostalgia ready and especially well-suited to managing the programme’s fictional scenario.

Towards a Re-Definition of Government Interpreters' Agency Against a Backdrop of Sociopolitical and Cultural Evolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 238-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonglong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Press Conference ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Global Engagement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

The sociopolitical and cultural evolution as a result of the Reform and Opening up in 1978, facilitated not least by the inexorable juggernaut of globalization and technological advancement, has revolutionized the way China engages domestically and interacts with the outside world. The need for more proactive diplomacy and open engagement witnessed the institutionalization of the interpreter-mediated premier's press conferences. Such a discursive event provides a vital platform for China to articulate its discourse and rebrand its image in tandem with the profound changes signaled by the Dengist reform. This chapter investigates critically how political press conference interpreting and interpreters' agency in China are impacted in relation to such dramatic transformations. It is revealed that, while interpreters are confronted with seemingly conflicting expectations, in actual practice they are often able to negotiate a way as highly competent interpreting professionals with the additional missions of advancing China's global engagement and safeguarding China's national interests.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Way

A strange moral transformation has within the past century swept over our Western world. We no longer think that we are called on to face physical pain with equanimity. It is not expected of a man that he should either endure it or inflict much of it, and to listen to the recital of cases of it makes our flesh creep morally as well as physically. The way in which our ancestors looked upon pain as an eternal ingredient of the world’s order, and both caused and suffered it as a matter-of-course portion of their day’s work, fills us with amazement....

“Holding On” to the Theology-Psychology Relationship: The Underlying Fiduciary Structures of Interdisciplinary Method

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Leron Shults
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Object Theory ◽  
Developmental Framework ◽  
Relational Concepts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

This article explores the personal dimension of interdisciplinary method. How do we as individuals hold on to the content of our disciplines and the relation between them? Many recent attempts at relating psychology and theology have missed the “hidden curriculum” of the interdisciplinary “assignment.” The ability to hold on to the psychology-theology relationship (in a way that does not capitulate to a deconstructivist relativism or regress to a foundationalist absolutism) depends on a sufficiently complex structure of consciousness within the individual that is capable of upholding inherently relational concepts. Based on the developmental framework of Robert Kegan's “subject-object” theory (1994), the model proposed here offers a classification of three underlying fiduciary structures, (“traditionalist,” “modernist,” and “post-modernist”) and explores the way they shape interdisciplinary method through several case studies. As Christians, we affirm that relationality itself is ultimately revealed and transformed by the Spirit of Christ, opening up to us new insights into our relational existence.

The art of the flute in ancient Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Paraskevas-Marios Tourtounis
Keyword(s):  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article deals with the question of the art of the flute in ancient Libya. First, reference is made to the way in which the Greek rulers of ancient Libya tried to impose the idea of the Greek origin of the art of flute on the Libyans. This is followed by an analysis of the indications of the continuous existence of the art of flute in ancient Libya. Finally, it is interesting to note that ancient Libya has such a long tradition in the art of flute, opening up the possible Libyan origin of the instrument.

scholarly journals FORUM: CLOSENESS AND DISTANCE IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT INTRODUCTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN BREWER ◽  
SILVIA SEBASTIANI
Keyword(s):  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Michel De Certeau ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

According to Michel de Certeau, distance is the indispensable prerequisite for historical knowledge and the very characteristic of modern historiography. The historian speaks, in the present, about the absent, the dead, as Certeau labels the past, thus emphasizing the performative dimension of historical writing: “the function of language is to introduce through saying what can no longer be done.” As a consequence, the heterogeneity of two non-communicating temporalities becomes the challenge to be faced: the present of the historian, as a moment du savoir, is radically separated from the past, which exists only as an objet de savoir, the meaning of which can be restored by an operation of distantiation and contextualization. In Evidence de l’histoire: Ce que voient les historiens, François Hartog takes up the question of history writing and what is visible, or more precisely the modalities historians have employed to narrate the past, opening up the way to a reflection on the boundaries between the visible and the invisible: the mechanisms that have contributed to establish these boundaries over time, and the questions that have legitimized the survey of what has been seen or not seen. But, as Mark Phillips points out, it is the very ubiquity of the trope of distance in historical writings that has paradoxically rendered it almost invisible to historians, so that “it has become difficult to distinguish between the concept of historical distance and the idea of history itself.”

scholarly journals Parent Abuse: Opening Up a Discussion of a Complex Instance of Family Power Relations

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Tew ◽  
Judy Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Parent Abuse ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

In the UK, the issue of parent abuse remains an unacknowledged and under-researched form of family violence receiving little recognition within social policy and professional practice. This may in part be due to the way it transgresses conventional notions of family power relations in which children are seen as potential victims but not as perpetrators. In this paper, we develop a framework for analysing the complexity of family power relations and explore how these may inform the context in which parent abuse and victimisation occurs. This may help to inform constructive policy and practice responses to this issue.

scholarly journals Reflexivity in Applying “Inspiration Economy” Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691774915
Author(s):  
Dunya Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Buheji
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Knowledge Community ◽  
Core Study ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Reflexive Analysis ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

The overarching aim of this research is to extend and examine the way in which the inspiration economy (IE) can be applied in different contexts and countries, bearing in mind how social and cultural contexts influence the way in which research methods and fields are utilized. This is achieved through a reflexive analysis of a research study in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The originality of the method focuses on the involvement of research groups in collecting and analyzing data with minimal resources and on the role of mentoring which gives group members greater ownership of the process and results/outcomes. This leads to the different researching teams building an internal drive to implement an IE case study, which was the core study of all the research studies. The study concludes with recommendations concerning the importance of involving research groups and of opening up a new path for the knowledge community. It also stresses the power of youth and research groups for the future of research in conducting and implementing research outcomes.

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