Territorial Behaviour and Mixed Reproductive Strategy in the Chaffinch

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilpo K. Hanski
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Mixed Reproductive Strategy

Requirements for a Mixed Reproductive Strategy in Avian Species

1984 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Fitch ◽  
Gary W. Shugart
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Mixed Reproductive Strategy

Spacing and Three-bird Flights of mallards breeding in pothole habitat

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger D. Titman
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Wild Stock ◽  
Bird Flight ◽  
Mixed Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Forced Copulation ◽  
Fixed Area

Wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were observed in pothole habitat near Minnedosa, Manitoba. The breeding mallards behaved territorially: both members of a pair were attached to a fixed area, and males were aggressive toward intruding females and pairs. Territorial behaviour was most pronounced during a brief period (13–22 days) from just prior to laying until early incubation. The most frequently observed aggressive behaviour pattern was the Three-bird Flight which effectively expelled intruders from the territory. The behaviour of birds in one area where density was artificially increased through the release of hand-reared birds of wild stock was compared with that of mallards under natural conditions. Under higher population density, pairs occupied smaller territories, the frequency of Three-bird Flights was reduced, and the average length and number of participants in each pursuit was reduced. Territorial behaviour in mallards appears to have evolved because of advantages to the male in preventing cuckoldry by defending his mate from males intent on forced copulation, alerting her to the presence of predators, and in allowing her to feed with a minimum of interruption during this period when she has special nutrient requirements. Three-bird Flights do not appear to be strictly territorial. Males appear to employ a mixed reproductive strategy whereby they defend their mates and also seek to inseminate females other than their mates.

scholarly journals Consequences of Following a Mixed Reproductive Strategy in Muskrats

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Marinelli ◽  
F. Messier ◽  
Y. Plante
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Mixed Reproductive Strategy
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