Ptilochronology: Wind and Cold Temperatures Fail to Slow Induced Feather Growth in Captive White-Breasted Nuthatches Sitta carolinensis Maintained on ad Libitum Food

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg M. Zuberbier ◽  
Thomas C. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Sitta Carolinensis ◽  
Feather Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum

Malnutrition during the postnuptial molt of White-crowned Sparrows: feather growth and quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Murphy ◽  
James R. King ◽  
Jianjian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Feather Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii ◽  
The Times ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Time Required

It has often been alleged that avian molt can be interrupted or delayed by food deprivation or malnutrition. We examined this experimentally in captive White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). Beginning either at the natural onset of postnuptial molt or 1 month before its onset, groups of birds were fed either inadequate amounts of a balanced diet (60 or 80% of the ad libitum intake of a control group) or unlimited amounts of a diet deficient only in cyst(e)ine and methionine. Except in the 60% premolt group, the malnourished birds did not postpone or interrupt molt in spite of losses ranging from 20 to 38% of initial body mass. Molt was significantly protracted in all except the 60% premolt group as a result of both increased shedding interval and decreased feather growth rates. Their new plumage weighed less than that of control birds, and their remiges were slightly shorter and often deformed or achromatic. The occurrence of fault bars corresponded to the times when the birds were handled, but was not correlated with other plumage defects. Surviving birds of the 60% premolt group did not molt until allowed to feed ad libitum, but then produced a normal plumage in about two-thirds of the time required by the controls. To summarize, molt is a very conservative aspect of self maintenance that is distorted only by planes of malnutrition that free-living sparrows either do not encounter during the summer or do not survive.

Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
G. Ilse ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
T. Sano ◽  
L. Stefaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

Alteration of Mitochondria in Oxythiamine-Induced, Acute Thiamine Deficiency in the Mouse

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Itaru Watanabe ◽  
Dante G. Scarpelli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Change ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ad Libitum

Acute thiamine deficiency was produced in mice by the administration of oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, superimposed upon a thiamine deficient diet. Adult male Swiss mice (30 gm. B.W.) were fed with a thiamine deficient diet ad libitumand were injected with oxythiamine (170 mg/Kg B.W.) subcutaneously on days 4 and 10. On day 11, severe lassitude and anorexia developed, followed by death within 48 hours. The animals treated daily with subcutaneous injections of thiamine (300 μg/Kg B.W.) from day 11 through 15 were kept alive. Similarly, feeding with a diet containing thiamine (600 μg/Kg B.W./day) from day 9 through 17 reversed the condition. During this time period, no fatal illness occurred in the controls which were pair-fed with a thiamine deficient diet.The oxythiamine-treated mice showed a significant enlargement of the liver, which weighed approximately 1.5 times as much as that of the pair-fed controls. By light and electron microscopy, the hepatocytes were markedly swollen due to severe fatty change and swelling of the mitochondria.

Dissociable hormonal responses to symptoms and stress in anorexia and bulimia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L Westwater ◽  
Flavia Mancini ◽  
Jane Shapleske ◽  
Jaco Serfontein ◽  
Monique Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Study Session ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are complex psychiatric conditions, in which both psychological and metabolic factors have been implicated. Critically, the experience of stress can precipitate loss-of-control eating in both conditions, suggesting an interplay between mental state and metabolic signaling. However, associations between psychological states, symptoms and metabolic processes in AN and BN have not been examined. Methods: Eighty-five women (n=22 AN binge/purge subtype, n=33 BN, n=30 controls) underwent remote salivary cortisol sampling and a two-day, inpatient study session to examine the effect of stress on cortisol, gut hormones (acyl-ghrelin, PYY, GLP-1) and food consumption. Participants were randomized to either an acute stress induction or control task on each day, and plasma hormones were serially measured before a naturalistic, ad libitum meal.Results: Cortisol awakening response (CAR) was augmented in AN but not BN relative to controls, with body mass index explaining the most variance in CAR (36%). Acute stress increased acyl-ghrelin and PYY in AN compared to controls; however, stress did not alter gut hormone profiles in BN. Instead, a group-by-stress interaction showed nominally reduced cortisol reactivity in BN, but not AN, compared to controls. Ad libitum consumption was lower in both patient groups and unaffected by stress.Conclusions: Findings extend previous reports of metabolic dysfunction in binge-eating disorders, identifying unique associations across disorders and under stress. Moreover, we observed disrupted homeostatic signaling in AN following psychological stress, which may explain, in part, the maintenance of dysregulated eating in this serious illness.

FROSTLINE

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Treated Carbon

Abstract FROSTLINE is a fine-grain, columbium-treated carbon steel designed to be an economical solution to structural design requirements at cold temperatures. Available in plate thicknesses up to 6 inches, it offers high levels of toughness at temperatures to 80 F and higher strength levels than conventional carbon steels. Frostline also offers excellent welding characteristics, because of its low carbon equivalent. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: CS-67. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

Temperature-Dependent Logic Failure in a GaAs Power Amplifier-Duplexer Module Caused by a Subtle Parasitic Schottky Diode

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Emergo ◽  
Steve Brockett ◽  
Pat Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Collector Junction ◽  
Power Mode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Base Contact ◽  
Single Power

Abstract A single power amplifier-duplexer device was submitted by a customer for analysis. The device was initially considered passing when tested against the production test. However, further electrical testing suggested that the device was stuck in a single power mode for a particular frequency band at cold temperatures only. This paper outlines the systematic isolation of a parasitic Schottky diode formed by a base contactcollector punch through process defect that pulled down the input of a NOR gate leading to the incorrect logic state. Note that this parasitic Schottky diode is parallel to the basecollector junction. It was observed that the logic failure only manifested at colder temperatures because the base contact only slightly diffused into the collector layer. Since the difference in the turn-on voltages between the base-collector junction and the parasitic Schottky diode increases with decreasing temperature, the effect of the parasitic diode is only noticeable at lower temperatures.

AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO HIPOGLICEMIANTE DA FARINHA DE BANANA VERDE E DO KOMBUCHA EM RATOS WISTAR ALIMENTADOS COM DIETA DE CAFETERIA HIPERGLICÍDICA

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Marianela Andrea Díaz Urrutia ◽  
Amanda Ramos ◽  
Rafaela Menegusso ◽  
Rafael Dewes ◽  
Sóstenez Alexandre Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dieta De Cafetería ◽  
Ad Libitum

Introdução: Na atualidade, os hábitos alimentares da população do Brasil e do mundo, se caracterizam por um excessivo consumo de alimentos ricos em açúcares simples, gorduras saturadas e sal. O Diabetes Melito é uma doença crônica não transmissível que se desencadeia, muitas vezes, como consequência de uma alimentação inadequada. Este distúrbio metabólico, gera quadros de hiperglicemia e a terapia nutricional é fundamental no tratamento. Objetivo: O trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a ação hipoglicemiante do kombucha como probiótico, farinha de banana verde (FBV) como prebiótico e a associação destes alimentos como simbiótico em uma dieta de cafeteria com alto teor de açúcares oferecida a ratos wistar. Métodos: Para este experimento foram utilizados 35 ratos wistar machos e sadios, recém desmamados com 21 dias de vida, que foram distribuídos em 5 grupos de 7 animais, sendo eles: Grupo 1: dieta ração comercial (controle), Grupo 2: dieta de cafeteria, Grupo 3: dieta de cafeteria + kombucha, Grupo 4: dieta de cafeteria + FBV, Grupo 5: dieta de cafeteria + FBV + kombucha. O ensaio teve uma duração total de 55 dias, onde os primeiros 10 dias foram para induzir o diabetes nos animais dos grupos 2, 3, 4 e 5, mediante a dieta de cafeteria com alto teor de açúcares simples. Posteriormente, começou o período experimental, que teve uma duração de 45 dias, onde o kombucha e solução salina foram administrados por gavagem, com uma dose referente a 5mL/kg de peso do animal. Durante todo o experimento, os animais receberam água e ração ad libitum. Após a eutanásia dos animais, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análises de glicemia e amilase pancreática mediante turbidimetria. Resultados: Como resultado, foram obtidos os seguintes valores para a glicemia e amilase pancreática de cada grupo: 65,86±11,60 mg/dL e 23,57±4,20 U/L para o Grupo 1; 104,14±114,92 mg/dL e 25,0±14,85 U/L para o Grupo 2; 49,00±13,18 mg/dL e 35,0±15,72 U/L para o Grupo 3; 73,86±24,78 mg/dL e 128,14±50,03 U/L para o Grupo 4; 72,29±33,87 mg/dL e 274,14±105,27 U/L para o Grupo 5, respectivamente. Conclusão: Observando os resultados da glicemia do grupo 1, onde não houve suplementação funcional, verifica-se que a dieta de cafeteria com alto teor de açúcares simples, foi eficaz na indução do diabetes. Ainda analisando os resultados da glicemia, é possível confirmar, que a suplementação isolada, tanto do probiótico kombucha como do prebiótico FBV, apresentam função hipoglicemiante, porém o efeito do prebiótico, é menos eficaz que o efeito do probiótico. Por outro lado, observou-se que, perante a associação simbiótica destes alimentos, o kombucha parece potencializar o efeito redutor da glicemia da FBV. Enquanto aos resultados da concentração de amilase no sangue dos animais, constatou-se que a suplementação isolada de FBV estimulou, consideravelmente, a secreção do referido hormônio e que o kombucha inibiu essa ação estimulante do prebiótico no grupo 5, onde houve associação de ambos sumplementos.

Winter Survival Evaluation of 172 Groundcovers in Northern Illinois

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453d-453
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
E.A. HedBorn ◽  
S.A. Mehaffey ◽  
A.S. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Ajuga Reptans ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei

The winter hardiness of many groundcover cultivars in northern Illinois is not well-known. This study was designed to evaluate the survival of 172 plants used in the groundcover path at The Morton Arboretum. Once a month, from Sept.1997 to Jan. 1998, the plants chosen for this study were visually evaluated and their vitality rated on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = alive, 5 = dead). All nine cultivars of Euonymus fortunei remained virtually unchanged throughout the study period. Among six cultivars of Hedera helix, only `Gold Heart' showed minor damage in November. Nine Heuchera were evaluated and all exhibited excellent resistance to cold temperatures. While all the Pulmonarias studied showed some cold damage by November, `Bielefeld Pink', `Little Blue', `Roy Davidson', Pulmonaria longifolia var. cevennensis, and Pulmonaria officinalis `Sissinghurst White' fared the best for the longest period of time. Five cultivars of Pachysandra terminalis were included in this study. None had significant damage until November, and then only rated a “2.” Of the eight Ajuga evaluated, Ajuga pyramidalis `Metallica Crispa', and Ajuga reptans `Braunherz', `Catlin's Giant', and `Gaiety', exhibited the best cold resistance. Four Polygonums varied widely in their response to cold temperatures, but all showed signs of severe damage in November. Polygonum `Border Jewel' exhibited the best tolerance, rating a “1” in October, but in November it was given a rating of “4.” Their recovery in spring will be compared.

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