Predation by Black Rat Snakes in Bank Swallow Colonies

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Plummer
1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES H. WITHGOTT
Keyword(s):  

Ecology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Blouin-Demers ◽  
Patrick J. Weatherhead

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Durner ◽  
J. Edward Gates

1980 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille F. Stickel ◽  
William H. Stickel ◽  
Frederick C. Schmid
Keyword(s):  

Copeia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Weatherhead ◽  
Ian C. Robertson

2000 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Blouin-Demers ◽  
Patrick J. Weatherhead ◽  
Catherine M. Shilton ◽  
Christopher E. Parent ◽  
Gregory P. Brown

Different snake species respond differently to various anesthetic agents. Hence, an anesthetic procedure developed for one species cannot necessarily be safely transferred to another species. The goal of this paper is to summarize our experience using inhalant anesthetics on three snake species, including both procedures that were successful and those we found to be less satisfactory. We found isoflurane delivered with a precision vaporizer to be the best agent to anesthetize black rat snakes (Elaphe o. obsoleta). Sex and mass did not seem to affect induction times in black rat snakes, but larger female rat snakes recovered faster from anesthesia than smaller females. Halothane delivered in the open method provided consistent anesthesia in northern water snakes (Nerodia s. sipedon), although it caused some mortality and should not be used on debilitated patients. Halothane delivered with a precision vaporizer may be used to anesthetize eastern massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus c. catenatus). However, care must be taken to prevent mortality resulting from anesthetic overdose. Sex and mass had no effect on induction and recovery times in the rattlesnakes, but stressed animals require longer induction and recovery times.


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