"Some Imperial Institute": Architecture, Symbolism, and the Ideal of Empire in Late Victorian Britain, 1887-93

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Alex Bremner
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
Imperial Institute ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Architecture Analysis

This article explores the relationship between architecture and imperial idealism in late Victorian Britain. It traces the development of the Imperial Institute in the South Kensington section of London from conception to completion, considering the proposals that surrounded the scheme in relation to the sociopolitical context within which it emerged. Sources such as letters, guidebooks, newspapers, journal articles, official publications, and government documents are drawn upon; from them an interpretation of the building is offered that moves beyond issues concerning style and patronage to broader cultural implications. The institute evolved as a consequence of the changing circumstances then affecting British foreign and imperial affairs, and commonly held beliefs relating to empire were reflected in the building's architecture. Analysis of the leading ideas that shaped the scheme formally and spatially reveals that the edifice was intended to stand literally as an emblem of the apparent strength and unity of the British empire. The importance of the institute as an architectural idea, therefore, lies not only in its attempt to give symbolic form to a concept of empire that was at the heart of late Victorian concerns, but also in the way it sought to mark and distinguish London as the center and capital of that empire.

Imagining the Sudan in British Film, 1925–53

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-354
Author(s):  
Zach Bates
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
The Relationship

Due to its status as a territory under the joint rule of Egypt and Britain, the Sudan occupied an awkward place in the British Empire. Because of this, it has not received much attention from scholars. In theory, it was not a colony, but, in practice, the Sudan was ruled primarily by British administrators and was the site of several developmental schemes, most of which concerned cotton-growing and harnessing the waters of the Nile. It was also the site of popular literature, travelogues and the most well-known of Alexander Korda's empire films. This article focuses on five British films –  Cotton Growing in the Sudan (c.1925), Stark Nature (1930), Stampede (1930), The Four Feathers (1939) and They Planted a Stone (1953) – that take the Sudan as their subject. It argues that each of these films shows an evolving and related discourse of the region that embraced several motifs: cooperation as the foundation of the relationship between the Sudanese and the British; Sudanese peoples in conflict with a sometimes hostile landscape and environment that the British could ‘tame’; and the British being in the Sudan in order to improve it and its people before leaving them to self-government. However, some of the films, especially The Four Feathers, subtly questioned and subverted the British presence in the Sudan and engaged with a number of the political questions not overtly mentioned in documentaries. The article, therefore, argues for a nuanced and complex picture of representations of the Sudan in British film from 1925 to 1953.

A Religious State (A Study of Hasyim Asyari and Muhammad Iqbal's Thought on the Relation of Religion, State and Nationalism)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Arik Dwijayanto ◽  
Yusmicha Ulya Afif
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Cultures

<p><em>This article explores the concept of a religious state proposed by two Muslim leaders: Hasyim Asyari (1871-1947), an Indonesian Muslim leader and Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938), an Indian Muslim leader. Both of them represented the early generation when the emerging revolution for the independence of Indonesia (1945) from the Dutch colonialism and India-Pakistan (1947) from the British Imperialism. In doing so, they argued that the religious state is compatible with the plural nation that has diverse cultures, faiths, and ethnicities. They also argued that Islam as religion should involve the establishment of a nation-state. But under certain circumstances, they changed their thinking. Hasyim changed his thought that Islam in Indonesia should not be dominated by a single religion and state ideology. Hasyim regarded religiosity in Indonesia as vital in nation-building within a multi-religious society. While Iqbal changed from Indian loyalist to Islamist loyalist after he studied and lived in the West. The desire of Iqbal to establish the own state for the Indian Muslims separated from Hindus was first promulgated in 1930 when he was a President of the Muslim League. Iqbal expressed the hope of seeing Punjab, the North West province, Sind and Balukhistan being one in a single state, having self-government outside the British empire. In particular, the two Muslim leaders used religious legitimacy to establish political identity. By using historical approach (intellectual history), the relationship between religion, state, and nationalism based on the thinking of the two Muslim leaders can be concluded that Hasyim Asyari more prioritizes Islam as the ethical value to build state ideology and nationalism otherwise Muhammad Iqbal tends to make Islam as the main principle in establishment of state ideology and nationalism.</em></p><em>Keywords: Hasyim Asyari, Muhammad Iqbal, religion, state, nationalism.</em>

scholarly journals Is Hip Muscle Strength Associated with Dynamic Knee Valgus in a Healthy Adult Population? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7669
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Alzahrani ◽  
Msaad Alzhrani ◽  
Saeed Nasser Alshahrani ◽  
Wael Alghamdi ◽  
Mazen Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
External Rotator

This study aimed to systematically review research investigating the association between hip muscle strength and dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Four databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for journal articles published from inception to October 2020. Seven studies investigating the association between hip muscle strength and DKV using a two-dimensional motion analysis system in healthy adults were included. The relationship between hip abductor muscle strength and DKV was negatively correlated in two studies, positively correlated in two studies, and not correlated in three studies. The DKV was associated with reduced hip extensor muscle strength in two studies and reduced hip external rotator muscle strength in two studies, while no correlation was found in three and five studies for each muscle group, respectively. The relationship between hip muscle strength, including abductors, extensors, and external rotators and DKV is conflicting. Considering the current literature limitations and variable methodological approaches used among studies, the clinical relevance of such findings should be interpreted cautiously. Therefore, future studies are recommended to measure the eccentric strength of hip muscles, resembling muscular movement during landing. Furthermore, high-demand and sufficiently challenging functional tasks revealing lower limb kinematic differences, such as cutting and jumping tasks, are recommended for measuring the DKV.

Foreign act of state and empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Courtney Grafton
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Sovereign Equality ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Relationship

The judicial restraint limb of the foreign act of state doctrine is presented as a time-worn doctrine dating back to the seventeenth century. Its legitimacy is indelibly wedded to its historical roots. This article demonstrates that this view is misguided. It shows that the cases which are said to form the foundation of the judicial restraint limb primarily concern the Crown in the context of the British Empire and are of dubious legal reasoning, resulting in a concept trammelled by the irrelevant and the obfuscating. It has also unnecessarily complicated important questions relating to the relationship between English law and public international law. This article suggests that the judicial restraint limb of the foreign act of state doctrine ought to be understood on the basis of the principle of the sovereign equality of states and conceptualised accordingly.

scholarly journals Kesetaraan hula-hula dengan boru dalam budaya Batak Toba: Tinjauan sosio-teologis Galatia 3:28

Kurios ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Martin Simanjuntak ◽  
Niken Dewi P ◽  
Marianus Pattora ◽  
Harry Soegijono ◽  
Setya Hadi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Dalihan Na Tolu is a culture and philosophy of life of the Batak people. It is not only the kinship relationship contained in it but also as a driving force for the life order of the believers. In the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy there is a relationship that needs to be evaluated in relation to social equality, namely the relationship between Hulahula and Boru. The perspective of Christian faith will complement the philosophy of Dalihan Na Tolu if it is built in the love and sacrifice of Christ, which is ultimately driven by love in the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy. This study uses a qualitative literature approach, which uses descriptive methods, and analysis-argumentative. descriptive, analysis-interpretative, and argumentation-comparative. With the constructive comparative aid method, this study uses various literature sources, such as books, journal articles, and dissemination on web pages to gain new insights from the text being studied. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the theology of social equality in the perspective of Christian faith should complement the philosophy of Dalihan Na Tolu which centers on the love and sacrifice of Christ. The relationship between hulahula and boru is no longer seen as an order of law which implies a curse but rather as a local wisdom that enriches mission values to introduce the love of Christ through the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy.

Discipline and Revolution: Classics in Victorian Culture

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goldhill
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Reception Studies ◽  
Victorian Culture ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nineteenth Century Studies

This book explores the dynamics of Classics in the nineteenth-century, focusing on art, opera, and fiction and how artworks come to stand for a self-aware statement about modernity—through the classical past. It raises new questions and new understandings in three major areas of scholarship: nineteenth-century studies, Classics, and the so-called Reception Studies. It examines the discipline of Classics and its place in Victorian culture, as well as some very strong challenges to the Classics as a story, which constitute a need for a major revision of the account. In particular, it considers the relationship between Classics and sexuality. It also discusses the most important revolution of the nineteenth century, and how this affects our understanding of a discipline as a discipline: the loss of the dominant place of Christianity in Victorian Britain.

‘The Organized Selfishness of Empire’

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Sandra den Otter
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Welfare State

This essay examines T. H. Green’s evolving ideas on empire. Professor of moral philosophy in Oxford until his death in 1882, Green was the most prominent and respected philosophical idealist in Victorian Britain. The influence of his personal example and of his ideas has been traced by Jose Harris and other historians of the welfare state down to the 1940s. Initially enthusiastic for the civilizing mission of empire, Green came to see that any political system or relationship imposed by force, or dependent on coercion or control, was intrinsically incompatible with the ideals of citizenship, voluntarism, and solidarity that define the good community and make possible the self-realization of individuals within it. The essay opens up a new field for discussion and research: the relationship between idealist welfare thinking and imperialism. It argues that empire had a major impact on idealist notions of social welfare.

IV.—The Imperial Institute Map of the Chief Sources of Metals in the British Empire

1918 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
R. H. R.
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Not Given ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Graphic Form ◽  
Commercial Importance ◽  
Large Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Imperial Institute ◽  
The Face

The Imperial Institute, in continuation of its publications with reference to the mineral resources of the Empire, has now issued a map with diagrams indicating the sources within the Empire of the chief metals of commercial importance. The outline map shows the occurrence in each British country of the important metallic ores and also the existence of deposits at present unworked. The locality for each occurrence is not given in detail, but only a general statement, carried out by printing the names of the metals therein found in large type across the face of the country. Asterisks indicate existence of unworked deposits in producing countries, while brackets show the existence of unworked deposits in nonproducing countries. Diagrams are also given, showing in a graphic form the production of metal or ore in each producing country; these statistics are given for the year 1915: since that date many and important changes have occurred, although no doubt it would be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain complete and reliable figures for the later years. The diagrams also show in an instructive manner the relation of the output of the British Empire to those of other countries of the world. The facts here set forth, when carefully studied, afford much food for reflection.

scholarly journals Qualitative environmental health research: an analysis of the literature, 1991-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 4239-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Kangsen Scammell
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Lay Perceptions ◽  
Environmental Health Research ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

Qualitative research uses nonnumeric data to understand people's opinions, motives, understanding, and beliefs about events or phenomena. In this analysis, I report the use of qualitative methods and data in the study of the relationship between environmental exposures and human health. A primary search for peer-reviewed journal articles dated from 1991 through 2008 included the following three terms: qualitative, environ*, and health. Searches resulted in 3,155 records. Data were extracted and findings of articles analyzed to determine where and by whom qualitative environmental health research is conducted and published, the types of methods and analyses used in qualitative studies of environmental health, and the types of information qualitative data contribute to environmental health. The results highlight a diversity of disciplines and techniques among researchers who used qualitative methods to study environmental health. Nearly all of the studies identified increased scientific understanding of lay perceptions of environmental health exposures. This analysis demonstrates the potential of qualitative data to improve understanding of complex exposure pathways, including the influence of social factors on environmental health, and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Weeping in the Face of Fortune: Eco-Alienation in the Niger-Delta Ecopoetics

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abba A. Abba ◽  
Nkiru D. Onyemachi
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Face ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

Scholarship on Niger Delta ecopoetry has concentrated on the economic, socio-political and cultural implications of eco-degradation in the oil-rich Niger Delta region of the South-South in Nigeria, but falls short of addressing the trope of eco-alienation, the sense of separation between people and nature, which seems to be a significant idea in Niger Delta ecopoetics. For sure, literary studies in particular and the Humanities at large have shown considerable interest in the concept of the Anthropocene and the resultant eco-alienation which has dominated contemporary global ecopoetics since the 18th century. In the age of the Anthropocene, human beings deploy their exceptional capabilities to alter nature and its essence, including the ecosystem, which invariably leads to eco-alienation, a sense of breach in the relationship between people and nature. For the Humanities, if this Anthropocentric positioning of humans has brought socio-economic advancement to humans, it has equally eroded human values. This paper thus attempts to show that the anthropocentric positioning of humans at the center of the universe, with its resultant hyper-capitalist greed, is the premise in the discussion of eco-alienation in Tanure Ojaide’s Delta Blues and Home Songs (1998) and Nnimmo Bassey’s We Thought It Was Oil but It Was Blood (2002). Arguing that both poetry collections articulate the feeling of disconnect between the inhabitants of the Niger Delta region and the oil wealth in their community, the paper strives to demonstrate that the Niger Delta indigenes, as a result, have been compelled to perceive the oil environment no longer as a source of improved life but as a metaphor for death. Relying on ecocritical discursive strategies, and seeking to further foreground the implication of the Anthropocene in the conception of eco-alienation, the paper demonstrates how poetry, as a humanistic discipline, lives up to its promise as a powerful medium for interrogating the trope of eco-estrangement both in contemporary Niger Delta ecopoetry and in global eco-discourse.

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