The Oxford University/British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia (1992) Mastaura Kalesi: a Preliminary Report

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Barnes ◽  
Mark Whittow
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Different Types ◽  
British Institute ◽  
Geographical Context

1992 was the first season of the Oxford University/British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia. Over the next five years it is planned to survey and record in as much detail as practicable five Byzantine castles in the area of the Büyük and Küçük Menderes river systems in western Turkey. The five castles will eventually be published in a single monograph where they can be discussed as a group and placed in their historical and geographical context. An annual preliminary report will appear in Anatolian Studies, which we hope will serve as a forum to test ideas, raise problems, and encourage other historians and archaeologists to suggest further ways of obtaining the most from these sites.The five sites—indicated on Fig. 1—are Mastaura kalesi (near Bozyurt, in Aydın ili, Nazilli ilçesi, merkez bucağı); Yılanlı kalesi (on the side of the Boz dağ near Kemer in İzmir ili, Ödemiş. ilçesi, Birgi bucağı); Çardak kalesi (near Çardak in Denizli ili, Çardak ilçesi, merkez bucağı); Yöre kalesi (near Yöre köy in Aydın ili, Kuyucak ilçesi, Pamukören bucağı); and Ulubey kalesi (on the Kazancı deresi near Ulubey in Uşak ili, Ulubey ilçesi). None has received more than brief notice before; none has been planned or studied in any detail. They have been chosen to cover the whole period of Byzantine rule in the area from the seventh century to the early fourteenth, and a variety of the different types and functions of Byzantine castles. Yılanlı is possibly a late seventh-century fortress, built in the context of the Arab attempts to take Constantinople and the consequent struggle to control the western coastlands of Asia Minor. Çardak appears to have been built between the seventh and the ninth century principally to act as a look-out point in the Byzantine defensive system against Arab raids.

The Oxford University/British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia (1993): Yılanlı Kalesi: Preliminary Report and New Perspectives

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Barnes ◽  
Mark Whittow
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
British Institute

1993 was the second season of the five-year survey which it is planned will record five castles from the area of the Büyük and Küçük Menderes in western Turkey. Work at the site of Yılanlı kalesi was carried out between 20th March and 28th April. The team members were Dr. Mark Whittow (Director), Hugh Barnes (Surveyor), Katrina Batchelor, Kevin Chesters, Michael Harrington and Penelope Tunbridge. We are extremely grateful to the Department of Antiquities for granting us a permit to carry out this survey, to the Director and staff of the museum at Ödemiş. for their friendly help and encouragement, and to our Department representative, Ahmet Bayram Üner from the Türk İslam Eserleri Müzesi in Bursa, whose contribution to the success of this project can hardly be overestimated. Our warmest thanks too to the muhtar and villagers of Yılanlı köyü, above all to Nihat and Güller Girgin and family, for whose generosity and kindness we are extremely indebted.

Strobilos and Related Sites

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 147-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Foss
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Byzantine Period

In the Byzantine period, urban life in Anatolia underwent a decay in which ancient cities shrank behind reduced circuits of walls or withdrew to the fortified hilltops whence they had descended in the Hellenistic age. Even the greatest city of the empire, Constantinople, saw a drastic diminution of population and resources, abandonment of its ancient public works and services, and consequent transformation from a classical to a medieval city. These changes began with the devastating invasions of Persians and Arabs in the seventh century. Sources reveal little about Anatolia between the early seventh and mid-ninth century, a true dark age, but the evidence of archaeology often makes it possible to visualize conditions at the time.The Byzantines, whose empire long survived these troubles, generally occupied existing sites in Asia Minor where their ruins are superimposed on those of the Romans or earlier cultures. In only a few instances, usually occasioned by the needs of defence or of a militarized administration, were new sites founded. Although the Dark Ages were not a propitious time for urban development, some new towns did come into existence or prominence. Few of them have been studied. Strobilos on the Carian coast, therefore, is of some potential interest as an example of a Byzantine town which first appears in the historical record in the eighth century, and whose remains have been preserved.

Some Hellenistic and late Roman terracotta lamps in the Sinop Archaeological Museum in northern Turkey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülseren Kan Şahín ◽  
Eray Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Ancient Site ◽  
Cultural Structure ◽  
Late Roman

The paper presents some terracotta lamps recovered from the recent rescue excavations carried out by the museum of Sinop in ancient Sinope. The material has been divided into chronological groups, ranging from the 2nd century BC to the 7th century AD, and by typological characteristics describing different types. The most common finds are local late Hellenistic (1st century BC) and late Roman (4th–5th centuries AD) mold-made lamps attesting to the operation of lamp-maker’s workshops in Sinope. Some of the late Hellenistic lamps are important for their connection with Ephesian and other Asia Minor fabrics. These finds are from the domestic contexts of Hellenistic and late Roman Sinope; but we also have lamps from funerary and commercial contexts. Data on production techniques, fabric and use distribution serves to examine the socio-cultural structure of this ancient site in eastern Paphlagonia.

scholarly journals Fluvial Erosion Characterisation in the Juqueriquerê River Channel, Caraguatatuba, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor F. Velázquez ◽  
Viviane D. A. Portela ◽  
José M. Azevedo Sobrinho ◽  
Antonio C. M. Guedes ◽  
Mikhaela A. J. S. P Letsch
Keyword(s):  
River Channel ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Fluvial Erosion ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Different Types

The Juqueriquerê River channel was formed in a Precambrian crystalline basement. The lithological association is largely composed of ancient metamorphic and igneous rocks, with several overlapping tectonic episodes. Field surveys along the upper and middle course allowed for cataloguing a wide variety of fluvial erosion features. A sizable amount of morphological features have been sculpted on different types of rocks, including furrows, potholes, percussion marks, polishing and smoothing boulders as the most representative. The sizes and shapes of these scour marks are also diverse, and their study has provided important results for better understanding the erosive processes. Given their wide variety, the erosive morphological features offer an excellent opportunity to explore the mechanisms of fluvial erosion and evaluate their effective capacity to remove cobbles and boulders in bedrock river systems.

Excavations at Çatal Hüyük, 1965, Fourth Preliminary Report

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 165-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mellaart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Royal Ontario Museum ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
British Institute

A fourth season of excavation at Çatal Hüyük took place between 18th July and 25th September 1965 under the auspices of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara with Professor O. R. Gurney as director administratively responsible to the Turkish Authorities. The excavation staff were Mr. and Mrs. James Mellaart, Miss Pamela Pratt and Miss Priscilla Berridge as conservators, Miss Raymonde Enderlé Ludovici (artist), Mr. and Mrs. N. Alcock (surveyor), Mr. Ian Todd, Mlle Anne Timonier and Mr. J. Jurriaanse as field assistants. Bayan Nemika Altan and Bay Mehmet Turgut, both from the Ankara Archaeological Museum, were our official Turkish Representatives.The excavation was sponsored by the British Academy, the Universities of Edinburgh and London, The Royal Ontario Museum, Canada, the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Bollingen Foundation, both in New York, the Australian Institute of Archaeology, the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara and the German Archaeological Institute in Berlin. BP Aegean Ltd. in Istanbul once again supported the expedition with survey equipment and transport.

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