Notes on Site Distribution in the Çumra Area

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. French
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Modern Soil ◽  
History Of ◽  
Konya Basin

Mr. Cohen has proposed, above, the hypothesis that the formation, in the earliest Holocene, of the alluvial soils of the Konya basin, was an influential factor in the appearance of settlement-sites which may have played some role in the history of early domestication of plants and animals. In order that the hypothesis may be fully tested this article presents the basic evidence for a chronological analysis of the high concentration of mounds on or around the alluvial plain of Çumra by means of maps which combine distributions of ancient sites and modern soil conditions.

Crystal Transition and Drug-excipient Compatibility of Clarithromycin in Sustained Release Tablets

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 950-959
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Xiangwen Kong ◽  
Fan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sustained Release Tablets ◽  
Crystal Transition ◽  
Excipient Compatibility

Background: Clarithromycin is widely used for infections of helicobacter pylori. Clarithromycin belongs to polymorphic drug. Crystalline state changes of clarithromycin in sustained release tablets were found. Objective: The aim of this study was to find the influential factor of the crystal transition of clarithromycin in preparation process of sustained-release tablets and to investigate the possible interactions between the clarithromycin and pharmaceutical excipients. Methods and Results: The crystal transition of active pharmaceuticals ingredients from form II to form I in portion in clarithromycin sustained release tablets were confirmed by x-ray powder diffraction. The techniques including differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction were used for assessing the compatibility between clarithromycin and several excipients as magnesium stearate, lactose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone K-30 and microcrystalline cellulose. All of these methods showed compatibilities between clarithromycin and the selected excipients. Alcohol prescription simulation was also done, which showed incompatibility between clarithromycin and concentration alcohol. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the reason for the incompatibility of clarithromycin with high concentration of alcohol was crystal transition.

scholarly journals The properties of river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain

2017 ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Perets ◽  
Oksana Vovk ◽  
Oleh Orlov ◽  
Olena Lutsyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Floodplain Soil

Alluvial soil formation is a dynamic process, the main prerequisite of which is the regular, periodic flooding of the river floodplain with flood waters, which are enriched with multidispersed organic and mineral particles. During the last century, about 80 % of territory of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain was transformed by means of hydrotechnical construction: waterproof dams and drainage channels have broken the wide river floodplains into isolated fragments, making impossible the free flow of flood waters, enriched with silt. The results of the study of stratification patterns of the river silt in the riverbed floodplain, depending on the flow velocity, granulometric composition, physical and chemical properties, given its role in the floodplain soil formation are given. The granulometric composition of the Dniester River silt changes downstream from the sandy to the heavy-loamy; In the floodplains of the Stryj and Svicha rivers medium- and heavy-loamy deposits are postponed, respectively. In the upper part of the Upper- Dniester alluvial plain (Chaikovichi 1, 2) accumulates a silt with predominance of the medium and fine sand fraction, which forms a good filtration ability of soils, whereas downstream the physical clay content increases (up to 47.2 %), which makes the river silt an important source of mineral nutrition of plants. The domination (over 40 %)in silt granulometric composition the rough dust fraction (Ustia 1, Zalisky 1) contributes to the improvement of the water-physical properties of alluvial soils and provides optimal conditions for the biota functioning. For the investigated river alluviums an alkaline reaction of the extract (pH (H2O) = 7,44–8,03) and low content of humus (0,54–3,80 %) are characteristic. The amount of nitrogen in the silt varies within 1,47–18,20 mg/100 g of soil. The river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain are an active factor in floodplain soil formation, since it optimizes the water-physical and physical-chemical properties of alluvial soils. But the influence area of silt on the soilsis sharply reduced and is limited only to the space in front of the dams. In the soils outside the dam, to which no fresh alluvial material comes, the hydrological regime is rebuilt and properties change substantially, up to the loss of their typological alluvial features. Key words: river alluviums, silt, floodplain, the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain, alluvial soils, hydrotechnical fragmentation.

Multiple soil element and pH interactions constrain plant performance on tropical soils with a long history of fire

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Stan J. Rance ◽  
David M. Cameron ◽  
Carl R. Gosper ◽  
Emlyn R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Savanna Soils

Agriculture and forestry in savanna soils worldwide are often constrained by multiple soil limitations. We measured the effect of fertilisation on growth of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis in order to improve savanna soil productivity in the Northern Territory, Australia. Growth responses to nitrogen, potassium, sulfur and a combined trace element treatment (abbreviated to N × K × S × T) with basal phosphorus (P) application on three soils, and N × P × K × S × T on another three soils, were examined in glasshouse factorial experiments. Without P, there was little response to N, S or T. Growth was usually greatest on N + P + S treatments. The P applications increased soil pH and growth, while N and S applications decreased pH. Growth was consistently poor at soil pH < ~5.2; a pH where exchangeable cations can be leached from the soil and aluminium can become more mobile. Responses to P, N, S and K, and likely also to zinc, were consistent with savanna soils with a long history of nutrient losses due to fire and weathering. Establishing productive plantations or agriculture will require detailed knowledge of soil properties, careful attention to soil pH and balanced fertiliser applications so as not to produce perverse outcomes. Long-term protection from fires could improve soil conditions, to be balanced against the risks of crop loss through unplanned fire.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of Diffusion in Synaptic Transmission through Inquiry-Based Learning & Quantitative Reasoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Günther K. H. Zupanc
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Quantitative Reasoning ◽  
Synaptic Delay ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
History Of

The elucidation of the principal features of chemical synaptic transmission has been one of the great achievements in the history of neuroscience, yet students have significant difficulties developing a deeper understanding of the underlying concept. This is particularly true for the role that diffusion of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft plays in this process. At least part of the learning problem is due to an erroneous view of diffusion as a slow process, and to an inability to apply the concepts of size and scale to the synapse and its structural components. To overcome these difficulties, a structured/guided inquiry activity, combined with quantitative reasoning tasks, is described for teaching chemical synaptic transmission as part of undergraduate biology or neuroscience courses. Through this activity, students familiarize themselves with the absolute and relative dimensions of the structural components of synapses; use data from morphometric and schematic models of synapses to estimate the time it takes a neurotransmitter to diffuse across the synaptic cleft; and evaluate how this process relates to synaptic delay and generation of a sufficiently high concentration of transmitter molecules for activation of postsynaptic receptors.

A Long-Run Perspective on Comparative Advantage

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Federico ◽  
Nikolaus Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global Commodity Markets

The history of Italy since its unification in 1861 was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the country's integration with European and global commodity markets: foreign trade in the long run grew on average faster than the overall economy. Italy's comparative advantage changed fundamentally, from a high concentration of a few trading partners and a handful of rather simple commodities, into a wide diversification of trading partners and more sophisticated commodities. The chapter uses a new long-term database on Italian foreign trade at a high level of disaggregation to document and analyze these changes. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Italy's prospects from a historical perspective.

Does a high concentration of calcium in the urine cause an important renal concentrating defect in human subjects?

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. S. LAM ◽  
John R. ASPLIN ◽  
Mitchell L. HALPERIN
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medullary Collecting Duct

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that a high concentration of ionized calcium in the lumen of the medullary collecting duct causes an osmole-free water diuresis. The urine flow rate and osmolality were measured in normal human subjects, as well as in patients with a history of nephrolithiasis who excreted more than 5 mmol of calcium per 24 h. There was an inverse relationship between the concentration of calcium in the urine and the 24 h urine volume both in normal subjects and in patients with a history of nephrolithiasis. When the concentration of calcium in the urine was greater than 5 mmol/l, the urine volume was less than 1 litre per day in the majority of subjects. After 16 h of water deprivation, when the concentration of calcium in the urine was as high as 17 mmol/l (ionized calcium 7.4 mmol/l), urine osmolality was 1258 mOsm/kg of water and the urine flow rate was 0.30 ml/min. We conclude that, although a calcium receptor may be present in the lumen of the medullary collecting duct in human subjects, an extremely high concentration of urinary total and ionized calcium does not cause a clinically important defect in the renal concentrating process.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA PARITAS, RIWAYAT KEHAMILAN,DAN ASUPAN KALSIUM DENGAN KEJADIAN PRE EKLAMPSIA BERAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Diah Andriani ◽  
Rusnoto Rusnoto
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pregnancy History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Latar Belakang: Preeklampsia/eklampsia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal di Indonesia. Sampai sekarang penyakit preeklamsia/eklamsia masih merupakan masalah kebidanan yang belum dapat erpecahkan secara tuntas. Preeklampsia merupakan penyakit yang angka kejadiannya di setiap negara berbeda-beda.Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan paritas, riwayat kehamilan,dan asupan kalsium dengan kejadian pre eklampsia berat di UPT Puskesmas Jepang.Metode: Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi populasi adalah semua ibu hamil yang melakukan ANC di Puskesmas Jepang Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus pada bulan Agustus 2017 sebanyak 30 ibu hamil.Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil yang melakukan kunjungan ANC di Puskesmas Jepang Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus  pada bulan Agustus 2017 sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian Mayoritas responden memiliki paritas multipara sebanyak 18 orang (60%), dan yang primipara sebanyak 12 orang (40%). Mayoritas responden memiliki riwayat tidak pernah pre eklampsia berat sebanyak 16 orang (53,3%) dan yang pernah pre eklampsia berat sebanyak 14 orang (46,7%). Mayoritas responden memiliki asupan kalsium cukup sebanyak 18 orang (60%) dan yang asupan kalsium tidak cukup sebanyak 12 orang (40%). Mayoritas responden tidak pre eklampsia berat sebanyak 18 orang (60%) dan yang pre eklampsia berat sebanyak 12 orang (40%). Ada  hubungan paritas dengan kejadian pre eklampsia berat di upt puskesmas jepang (p value = 0,001). Ada  hubungan riwayat kehamilan dengan kejadian pre eklampsia berat di upt puskesmas jepang (p value = 0,001). Ada  hubungan asupan kalsium dengan kejadian pre eklampsia berat di upt puskesmas jepang (p value = 0,009). Berdasarkan analisis regresi faktor yang paling berpengaruh dengan kejadian pre eklampsia berat adalah asupan kalsium (koefisien = 0,477). Kesimpulan Ada  hubungan paritas, riwayat kehamilan dan asupan kalsium dengan kejadian pre eklampsia berat di UPT Puskesmas Jepang..Kata Kunci      : Preeklampsia berat, paritas, riwayat kehamilan, asupan kalsiu ABSTRACT Background: Preeclampsia / eclampsia is one of the major causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Until now the disease of preeclampsia / eclampsia is still a matter of obstetrics that can not be eradicated completely. Preeclampsia is a disease whose number of events in each country is different. Objective: To determine the relationship of parity, pregnancy history, and calcium intake with the incidence of severe pre eclampsia Method: In this study the population is all pregnant women who do the ANC at the Health Center of Jepang District Mejobo Kudus Regency in August 2017 as many as 30 pregnant women. Samples in this study were pregnant women who visited the ANC at the Puskesmas Jepang District Mejobo Kudus District on in August 2017 as many as 30 people. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. Result of research Majority of respondents have multiparity parity as many as 18 people (60%), and primipara 12 (40%). The majority of respondents have a history of never preeclampsia  as many as 16 people (53.3%) and who ever peb as many as 14 people (46.7%). The majority of respondents have enough intake of calcium as many as 18 people (60%) and who intake of calcium is not enough as many as 12 people (40%). The majority of respondents are not preeclampsia as many as 18 people (60%) and who preeclampsia  as many as 12 people (40%). There is a parity relationship with the incidence of severe eclampsia in Puskesmas Jepang upt (p value = 0.001). There was a correlation of pregnancy history with severe pre eclampsia incidence at upt Puskesmas jepang  (p value = 0,001). There is a correlation of calcium intake with severe pre eclampsia occurrence at UPT Puskesmas jepang  (p value = 0,009). Based on regression analysis the most influential factor with severe pre eclampsia incidence was calcium intake (coefficient = 0.477). Conclusion There was a parity relationship, a history of pregnancy and calcium intake with severe preeclampsia events at the UPT Puskesmas Jepang. . Keywords: severe preeclampsia, parity, pregnancy history, calcium supplements  

scholarly journals Pleistocene soils of the Azov Lowland, Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
S. P. Karmazinenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Modern Soil ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Clay Materials

With the aim to reconstruct the Pleistocene soils in Azov Lowland (geological sections near the villages of Bezimenne and Melekinе Donetsk region), we carried out palaeopedological research. The Paleopedological method was used, which consisted with a detailed analysis of the morphological (color, structure, granulometric composition, humidity, composition, neoplasms, inclusion, transition between horizons, border) and micromorphological (skeleton, plasma, color, aggregation, porosity, organic and clay parts, mineral skeleton, tumors, microstructure) features. Paleopedological studies of Pleistocene soils have allowed to determine the types of these deposits and to follow the dynamics of changes in soil conditions: - warm-temperate with signs and close to subtropical, when formed reddish cinnamon (krb1), reddish brown (krb2), cinnamonish-brown (shb1), reddish cinnamon (shb2), dark-colour (meadow reddish cinnamon) merged (mrb2 + mrb1), reddish cinnamon, brownish, fused saline soils (mr3) Kryzhanivka, Shyrokyno and Martonosha soils, which are distinguished by reddish shades of coloring of the profiles, are the most ferruginous, clay, with a large number of nodules witch concentration of organo-iron-clay material; - moderately-warm transition to subtropical – red-brown saline (lbb2), dark-colour (brownish-cinnamonic) fused (lbb2 + lbb1) heavy loam Lubny soils, with are less clayed, ferruginous and formed in meadow-steppe and steppe conditions (brownish-gray with cinnamonish shades of coloring profiles,the presence of moleholes, complex microaggregation); - moderately variable – humid close to subtropical – cinnamon and cinnamonsaline (zvb1), reddish-cinnamon saline (zvb2), heavy loam Zavadivka soils, which are a transitional variant to temperate climates, although some of the features of the lower Pleistocene soil formation are retained (ferrugination, presence of segregated clusters organo-clay and clay materials, microortshteins); - moderately-warm equally humid – cinnamon-brown (kdb1), ordinary chernozems (kdb2), cinnamonish-gray saline (plb1), chernozem saline (plb2), brown steppe (plc), heavy and medium loam Kaydaky and Pryluky soils, characterized by the grayish shades of coloring of profiles, the presence of moleholes, carbonates, complex microaggregates, pores and are closest to modern soils; - moderately-warm subarid – cinnamonish-brown (vtb2) heavy loam Vytachiv soils formed under the influence of turf (the presence of crust, carbonate, complex microaggregates) and brown-liked (cinnamonish-brown color of the profile,spatial structure of clays) of soil formation processes and have no analogues in modern soil cover; - moderately-continental and more arid (dry) – chernozems saline (dfb2), brown saline (dfc), desert-steppe fulvous (dfc), medium loam Dofinivka soils, with clear features of xeromorphism (low profile power, its carbonate, lack of signs of organo-mineral materials) replacing.

scholarly journals Hydromorphology of the Unconfined Groundwater in the South of Klaten District (Data Before Earthquake Mei 27th 2006)

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Langgeng Wahyu Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources Management ◽  
Hydrochemical Type

There are some characteristics and distributions of unconfined groundwater variation in the research area. Those are related to a system of water supply and consumptive use for drinking water. Variation of the groundwater characteristic depends on variation of morphology. Therefore, it is needed to delineate hydromorphology units of the regions as a base on groundwater resources management, especially for drinking water. The aims of the research are: (1) to study of the characteristic and distribution of unconfined groundwater variations base on landform units, (2) to study the factors that affect such variations, and (3) to establish the hydromorphology units of the regions for groundwater resources management, especially for drinking water. The method used in this research is landform approach and field survey. The sampling method is stratified sampling, based on landform as the analysis approach. Result of the research shows that there are some variations of groundwater characteristic at each landform. Landforms which have good groundwater characteristic are Hydromorphology Unit of Fluvio Volcanic Plain of Young Merapi (except Bayat region) and Hydromorphology Unit of Volcanic Foot Plain of Young Merapi. At those units, there are good quality of groundwater, bicarbonate water (hydrochemical type I), having low electric conductivity, shallow of water table, low in fluctuation, and middle to fast class in aquifer permeability. Those units are the most potential unconfined groundwater resources management for drinking water. The units which have poor groundwater characteristic are Hidromorphology Unit in Bayat Region, including Undulating Alluvial Plain, Fluvio Volcanic Plain of Young Merapi, and Swamp Alluvial Plain. Generally, the groundwater quality is medium to poor, the hydrochemical type is Va (initiation process of connate water) and type III (evaporate water), shallow up to medium of water table, and low to middle class of aquifer permeability. The taste of groundwater is brackish to saline with high concentration of chloride.

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