The Use of Activated Carbon in Water Purification

1935 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Haney
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification

Water purification by sulfide-containing activated carbon

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz D. Oeste ◽  
Rainer Haas ◽  
Lothar Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification

scholarly journals Effects of Backwashing on Granular Activated Carbon with Ammonium Removal Potential in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Purification Plant

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Niu ◽  
Ikuro Kasuga ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Purification Plant

Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been widely introduced to advanced drinking water purification plants to remove organic matter and ammonium. Backwashing, which is the routine practice for GAC maintenance, is an important operational factor influencing the performance of GAC and its microbial biomass. In this study, the effects of backwashing on the ammonium removal potential of GAC were evaluated. In addition, abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on GAC were analyzed. GAC samples before and after backwashing were collected from a full-scale drinking water purification plant. Samplings were conducted before and after implementation of prechlorination of raw water. The results showed that the ammonium removal potential of the GAC increased by 12% after backwashing before prechlorination (p < 0.01). After implementing the prechlorination, the ammonium removal potential of the GAC decreased by 12% even after backwashing (p < 0.01). The AOA was predominant on the GAC in the two samplings. Regardless of prechlorination, the amounts of the AOA and the AOB remained at the same level before and after backwashing. Analysis of the backwashing water indicated that the amounts of the AOA and AOB washed out from the GAC were negligible (0.08%–0.26%) compared with their original amounts on the GAC. These results revealed the marginal role of backwashing on the biomass of ammonia oxidizers on GAC. However, the results also revealed that backwashing could have a negative impact on the ammonium removal potential of GAC during prechlorination.

scholarly journals CARVÃO ATIVADO GRANULAR IMPREGNADO COM ZINCO PARA REMOÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS DA ÁGUA PARA CONSUMO HUMANO

e-xacta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Flávia Sayuri Arakawa ◽  
Quelen Letícia Shimabuku ◽  
Priscila Ferri Coldebella ◽  
Franciele Pereira Camacho ◽  
Fernando Alves Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Filter Bed

<p align="justify">O carvão ativado granular impregnado com zinco (C/Zn) foi avaliado em relação à atividade antibacteriana para eliminação de micro-organismos na purificação de água para consumo humano. Os meios filtrantes produzidos a partir de C/Zn foram caracterizados através de técnicas instrumentais como análises de BET e difração de raios-X (DRX) para determinar a distribuição de poros e área superficial e as fases estruturais, respectivamente. Experimentos foram realizados em um sistema doméstico de purificação de água utilizando filtros com leito de carvão ativado granular sem impregnação e com impregnação de zinco nas concentrações de 1,0, 3,0, 5,0 e 10,0% (m/m). A atividade antibacteriana dos meios filtrantes foi avaliada em relação à eficiência de remoção de bactérias Escherichia coli da água. Foram preparadas soluções sintéticas com água deionizada contaminada artificialmente com uma concentração aproximada entre 1,0x105 a 9,0x106 UFC/100mL de Escherichia coli. Assim a eficiência bacteriológica dos meios filtrantes com C/Zn foi superior com o aumento da concentração de zinco impregnado no carvão ativado. O filtro com leito de carvão ativado impregnado com 10% de zinco apresentou a maior eficiência com remoção de Escherichia coli superior a 99% e melhorando a qualidade bacteriológica da água para consumo humano.</p><p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify">Granular activated carbon impregnated with zinc (C/Zn) was evaluated for the antibacterial activity for elimination of micro-organisms in drinking water purification. The filter media produced from C/Zn were characterized by instrumental techniques such as the BET analyzes and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the pore distribution and surface area and structural phases, respectively. Experiments were performed in a household water purification system using filters with granular activated carbon bed without impregnation and impregnation with zinc in concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0% (w/w). The antibacterial activity of the filter media was evaluated regarding to the removal efficiency of bacteria Escherichia coli of water. Synthetic solutions were prepared with deionized water contaminated artificially with an approximate concentration of 1.0 x105 to 9.0 x106 CFU/100mL of Escherichia coli. The efficiency bacteriological efficiency bacteriological of filter media with C/Zn was higher with increasing concentration of zinc impregnated on activated carbon.The filter bed of activated carbon impregnated with 10% of zinc showed the highest efficiency with removal of bacterial Escherichia coli higher than 98% and improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water.</p>

A Novel Activated Carbon Enabled Steam Generation System Under Simulated Solar Light

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashreet Mishra ◽  
Agwu A. G. Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Bulk Temperature ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Simulated Solar Light ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

Abstract Studies on carbon nanotubes (CNT), Au, and Ag solar enabled steam generation with potential application in water purification, distillation, and sterilization of medical equipment are ongoing. The key challenge with these nanoparticles is the cost of production hence limiting its full application for clean water production. This work for the first time reports on activated carbon enabled steam generation hence addressing the cost limitations of metallic nanoparticles. Activated carbon has high solar absorptivity at various wavelengths of visible light under low concentration. Experiments were carried out using activated carbon and CNT nanofluids and polyurethane (PU) membrane with immobilized activated carbon and CNT. A simulated solar light of 1 kW ∼1 sun was used. The rate of evaporation, temporal and spatial evolution of bulk temperature in the water were monitored automatically and recorded for further data reductions. Parametric studies of the effect of nanoparticle concentration, water quality, and salinity were performed. Experimental evidence showed that activated carbon has potential in water purification. We reported for the first time that optimal activated carbon concentration for maximum steam generation is 60 vol %. We also obtained a 160% increase in steam production rate at 60% concentration of activated carbon when compared with de-ionized water.

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