Elementary Particles and the Universe: Essays in Honor of Murray Gell-Mann

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (477) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
John Farina ◽  
John H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particles ◽  
The Universe

Using three elementary particles to construct the physical world

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Huawang Li
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Average Kinetic Energy ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Universe

In this paper, we conjecture that gravitation, electromagnetism, and strong nuclear interactions are all produced by particle collisions by determining the essential concept of force in physics (that is, the magnitude of change in momentum per unit time for a group of particles traveling in one direction), and further speculate the existence of a new particle, Yizi. The average kinetic energy of Yizi is considered to be equal to Planck’s constant, so the mass of Yizi is calculated to be <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7.37</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>51</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> kg and the average velocity of Yizi is <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4.24</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> m/s. The universe is filled with Yizi gas, the number density of Yizi can reach <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.61</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>64</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> /m3, and Yizi has no charge. After abandoning the idealism of physics, I try to construct a physical framework from three elementary particles: Protons, electrons, and Yizis. (The elementary particles mentioned here generally refer to the indivisible particles that constitute objects.) The effects of Yizi on the conversion of light, electricity, magnetism, mass, and energy as well as the strong nuclear and electromagnetic forces are emphasized. The gravitation of electromagnetic waves is measured using a Cavendish torsion balance. It is shown experimentally that electromagnetic waves not only produce pressure (repulsion) but also gravitational forces upon objects. The universe is a combination of three fundamental particles. Motion is eternal and follows the laws of conservation of energy and momentum. There is only one force: The magnitude of change in momentum per unit time for a group of particles traveling in one direction. Furthermore, this corresponds to the magnitude of the force that the group of particles exerts in that direction. From this perspective, all physical phenomena are relatively easy to explain.

scholarly journals ON POSSIBLE GEOMETRIC AND ASTROPHYSICAL EFFECTS OF NONLINEAR SPINOR FIELDS IN THE MEGAMIR, MACROWORLD AND MICROWORLD

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
V. G Krechet
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Nonlinear Spinor ◽  
Evolution Of The Universe ◽  
Spinor Fields ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Local Space ◽  
The Universe

In this article, within the framework of general relativity, the possible effect of the gravitational interaction of Dirac nonlinear spinor fields on the evolution of the Universe, on the formation of astrophysical objects and on the formation of the geometry of the local space-time of elementary particles with spin ħ / 2 is considered.

Formation of the initial distribution of matter inhomogeneities in the era of radiation domination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 1550097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Portnov
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Material Inhomogeneity ◽  
Universe Expansion ◽  
Primary Material ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Universe

This paper considers the dependence of the Universe expansion rate in the era of radiation domination of the orbital angular momentum of photons filling the Universe. It is shown that the presence of a nonzero orbital angular momentum in photons leads to increase in the rate of expansion. As a consequence, the hypothesis is made that areas of the Universe, having photons with nonzero orbital angular momentum inside them, will cool faster. In these areas the elementary particles will form earlier, compared to the rest of the Universe. Therefore, these areas become the future centers of the primary material inhomogeneity.

scholarly journals The analysis of creation of the source of elementary particles through the elementary dimensions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shivan sirdy
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Confined System

Assuming that there is a chance that the big bang theory is wrong and that concept of time and space didn’t start with the big bang. However, it’s undeniable per observation that the universe is in expansion. Now before the creation of particles, there was a space devoid of matter and any sorts of radiations(electromagnetic radiations, heat radiations...), meaning in this space the absolute zero temperature is reached naturally. We will call this space an absolute void. It has four dimensions (the three dimension of space x axis, y axis, and z axis and the force). The fourth dimension (the force) is the factor of change among the four. Those four are elementary dimensions. The hypothesis is that when the space dimensions increase the outward force subsequently increases as well and space increases its instability and losses its equilibrium. Now this region of space has only outward force when the outward force exceeds a certain limit, the system will be at its highest level of instability. To create equilibrium in the system the outward force collapses inward. The void inside the collapsed force will act as void in a confined system. Meaning now, the void in a confined system is the source of the elementary particles. Now the created source is being managed by internal force and external force. The two forces will affect the source until equilibrium is reached between the internal and external forces of the source and the entities in its external force field effect. The source is a high energy entity. As before the creation of particles, there was infinity space of absolute void. Therefore, unlimited numbers of Sources were created.The Quark Gluon-Plasma, the Inflation of the universe, the gravitational collapse, and gravitational lensing are all proofs for the elementary dimensions theory. Each of these is written about in this paper, as there is not enough space in the abstract to mention all of them.

Physics: A Very Short Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Perkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Digital Electronics ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
The Universe

Physics, the fundamental science of matter and energy, encompasses all levels of nature from the sub-atomic to the cosmic, and underlies much of the technology around us. Physics: A Very Short Introduction provides an overview of how this pervasive science came to be and how it works. It presents the theories and outcomes of pure and applied physics from ideas of the Greek natural philosophers to modern quantum mechanics, cosmology, digital electronics, and energy production. Considering its most consequential experiments, including recent results in elementary particles, gravitational waves, and materials science, it also discusses the effects of physics on society, culture, and humanity’s vision of its place in the universe.

scholarly journals Dark Matter

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Einasto
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Component

AbstractI give a review of the development of the concept of dark matter. The dark matter story passed through several stages from a minor observational puzzle to a major challenge for theory of elementary particles. Modern data suggest that dark matter is the dominant matter component in the Universe, and that it consists of some unknown non-baryonic particles. Dark matter is the dominant matter component in the Universe, thus properties of dark matter particles determine the structure of the cosmic web.

The principle of greatest freedom

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Sylvain Battisti
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Coherent Relationship

Elementary particles are the common capital of any being in the universe. However, a being is characterized by its behavior as well as its capital and the principle of least action shows the common behavior of partners that transfer energy. However, the concept of action does not apply to all transfers; what is the action when two men transfer words? Here we show that the “principle of greatest freedom” reveals the common behavior of any partner during nondestructive relationship that is to maximize the number of its accessible states, i.e., its freedom. It gives a common interpretation to quantum mechanics, to wave-particle duality and to relativity. It defines the coherent relationship, which explains why objects behave consistently according to laws and why they construct compound beings that evolve.

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