scholarly journals Comments on Antony John Kunnan's "DIF in Native Language and Gender Groups in an ESL Placement Test". The Author Responds

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony John Kunnan
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

scholarly journals The Effects of Native Language and Gender on Procedure Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
S. Camille Peres ◽  
William D. Johnson ◽  
Sarah E. Thomas ◽  
Paul Ritchey
Keyword(s):  
Second Life ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Safe Performance

Objective: Evaluation of effects of native language—native (L1) versus nonnative (L2)—on procedure performance. Background: Written procedures are used by global industries to facilitate accurate and safe performance of hazardous tasks. Often companies require that all employees be sufficiently literate in English and to use only English versions. Method: Industrial tasks were tested using a virtual reality industrial environment (Second Life®) to explore effects on procedural performance and safety statement adherence. Fifty-four engineering students (27 L2) participated in the study to explore the native language variable. The participants completed the procedures under time pressure and were scored according to procedure performance and hazard comprehension. Results: Analysis of eight procedures showed significant differences between L1 and L2 for procedure performance (specifically for L2 females). There were no language fluency or hazard comprehension differences found between the two groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that (a) the lower procedure performance of L2 readers was not due to English proficiency but more likely to time pressure; (b) implications regarding single language procedures are not fully understood, particularly with regard to gender differences. Application: This research is applicable to high-risk industries providing single language, time critical procedures to multilingual workforces.

scholarly journals Reducing the Overlap Between Machiavellianism and Subclinical Psychopathy: The M7 and P7 Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Grosz ◽  
Peter D. Harms ◽  
Michael Dufner ◽  
Livia Kraft ◽  
Eunike Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Stability Measurement ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Traits ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Antisocial Tendencies

Machiavellianism (Mach) and subclinical psychopathy are two widely studied antagonistic personality traits with distinct theoretical conceptualizations. Mach is conceptualized by strategic deviousness, cynicism, and pragmatic morality, whereas subclinical psychopathy is conceptualized by impulsive antisocial tendencies, callousness, and rule-breaking. However, existing measures of the two traits are typically highly correlated and have very similar nomological networks. Notably, even though psychopathy scales should be more strongly positively associated with antisocial impulsivity and more strongly negatively associated with conscientiousness than Mach scales, existing Mach and psychopathy scales tend to be similarly related to these constructs. We created a new Mach scale, the M7, and a new psychopathy scale, the P7, by selecting items from existing Mach and psychopathy scales on the basis of the correlations of these items with antisocial impulsivity and conscientiousness. Across three studies (combined N = 4,607), the M7 and P7 showed acceptable to good psychometric properties in terms of closeness to unidimensionality, measurement precision, temporal stability, measurement invariance across language and gender groups, and convergent and discriminant validity (nomological network, self-other agreement, and interpersonal perceptions in group interactions). Most importantly, the new scales assess clearly distinct latent traits that are more in line with their theoretical conceptualizations than established scales are.

scholarly journals An Evaluation Of Response Scale Formats Of The Culture Assessment Instrument

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Smith ◽  
Gert Roodt
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Metric Properties ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

The aim of the study was to investigate which response scale, of the four, five, or six-point response scales would yield the best metric properties on the Culture Assessment Instrument. This was achieved by utilising data sets where the respective scales were used. The subjects included participants of various organisations, ages, educational levels, language and gender groups. No one scale could be identified as having the better metric properties. The lack of conclusive results is attributed to differences in education, aggregation effect, possibility of different units of measurement being measured and the manner in which Cronbach Alpha is calculated OpsommingDie doel van die studie was om vas te stel watter responsskaal, van ‘n vier-, vyf-, of sespuntskaal die beste metriese eienskappe sou oplewer op die Kultuurtakseringinstrument. Dit is bereik, deur gebruik te maak van datastelle waar die skale toegepas is. Deelnemers was afkomstig uit verskeie organsisasies, ouderdomsgroepe, opvoedkundige agtergronde, taalgroepe en geslagte. Geen skaal kon gëidentifiseer word met onderskeidende metriese eienskappe nie. Die gebrek aan beduidende resultate word toegeskryf aan die verskille in die opvoedkundige agtergronde van deelnemers, samevoegingseffek, die moonlikheid van verskillende eenhede van meting en die wyse waarop Cronbach Alpha bereken is.

scholarly journals Time perception among the youth and its implication for industry: An exploratory study

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-479
Author(s):  
GG Rousseau ◽  
DJL Venter
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

The main objective of this exploratory study was to investigate perceived cultural differences in the perception of time among the youth and its implications for time management and productivity regarding future employment in industry. The study further sought to develop a reliable instrument for measuring time perception across cultures.  A non-probability convenience sample (N=467) was drawn from English, Afrikaans and Xhosa speaking respondents, aged 13 to 18 years.  Results confirmed four factors: time allocation, time economy, time attitudes and scheduling of tasks.  Significant differences between age, language and gender groups on time perception were observed.  These findings have implications for time management training among the youth as well as for industry seeking employees who can perform tasks with speed and efficiency.  Further refinement of the instrument in follow-up studies is essential. 

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

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