ICRU, Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from External Radiation Sources

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Marco Zaider
Keyword(s):  
External Radiation ◽  
Radiation Sources

Determination of dose effect of thermal neutrons on the basis of external ?-radiation

Atomic Energy ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Istomina ◽  
I. B. Keirim-Markus
Keyword(s):  
Dose Effect ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
External Radiation

Spectroscopic Method for Measuring Surface Temperature That is Independent of Material Emissivity, Surrounding Radiation Sources, and Instrument Calibration

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Markham ◽  
Philip E. Best ◽  
Peter R. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Instrument Calibration ◽  
Measuring Surface ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Fourier Transform

A novel optical measurement technique for the in situ determination of surface temperature is presented. The technique employs modulation of the object temperature by an energy source of high intensity, such as a laser. By modulation of the temperature at the point from which the emitted spectrum of electro-magnetic radiation is being monitored, routine calculations involving the observed modulated component of the radiation spectrum will determine the temperature and, for some conditions, emissivity. The region to be measured is thus defined by the intersection of the laser and the beam which enters the collection optics of the Fourier transform Infrared spectrometer. Analysis of the modulated radiation results in a temperature determination which is independent of material emissivity, surrounding radiation sources, and instrument calibration for optical path.

scholarly journals Contemporary X-ray electron-density studies using synchrotron radiation

IUCrJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads R. V. Jørgensen ◽  
Venkatesha R. Hathwar ◽  
Niels Bindzus ◽  
Nanna Wahlberg ◽  
Yu-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
Anomalous Scattering ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional Radiation ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Systematic Effects

Synchrotron radiation has many compelling advantages over conventional radiation sources in the measurement of accurate Bragg diffraction data. The variable photon energy and much higher flux may help to minimize critical systematic effects such as absorption, extinction and anomalous scattering. Based on a survey of selected published results from the last decade, the benefits of using synchrotron radiation in the determination of X-ray electron densities are discussed, and possible future directions of this field are examined.

scholarly journals Thermoluminescence Analysis of the Clay Core of Bronze Statues: A Re-Appraisal of the Case Studies of Lupa Capitolina and Other Masterpieces in Rome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7820
Author(s):  
Marco Martini ◽  
Anna Galli
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
External Radiation ◽  
Radiation Reduction ◽  
Tl Dating ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Clay Core ◽  
Thermoluminescence Analysis ◽  
Good Agreement

In this work, we present some new results in applying thermoluminescence (TL) dating to the clay core of bronze statues. This is very important, due to the impossibility of directly dating a metal. Very few cases of indirect dating of clay cores by TL are reported in the literature. We re-considered three cases of dating of clay core from important bronzes in Rome. The parameters to be considered were not easy to calculate in the case of the Lupa Capitolina. However, its traditionally reported Etruscan origin is definitely ruled out, even if the accuracy in the dating is too low to precisely propose a date of the casting. The comparison with radiocarbon results shows good agreement for a Medieval dating. Two other bronze statues were analysed in order to date their casting by TL; a horse from Musei Capitolini resulted to have been cast in the Greek classical period, excluding its casting in the Rome imperial period. A third study shows that, in particularly favourable situations, TL dating of clay core can give rather precise results. This is the case where in the clay core are present materials that behave like good dosimeters, as generally happens in dating ceramics. Furthermore, the possibility of measuring all the parameters influencing the calculation of the dose rate is essential; both the external radiation sources and the radiation reduction by the water content must be taken into account. This was the case of Saint Peter in the Vatican that turned out to be a cast from the beginning of the XIV century.

scholarly journals Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8052
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gianoncelli ◽  
George Kourousias ◽  
Sebastian Schöder ◽  
Antonella Santostefano ◽  
Maëva L’Héronde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Ancient Ceramics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Non Destructive

Synchrotron X-ray µ- and nano-probes are increasingly affirming their relevance in cultural heritage applications, especially in material characterization of tiny and complex micro-samples which are typical from archaeological and artistic artifacts. For such purposes, synchrotron radiation facilities are tailoring and optimizing beamlines and set-ups for CH, taking also advantages from the challenges offered by the third-generation radiation sources. In ancient ceramics studies, relevant information for the identification of production centers and manufacture technology can be obtained in a non-invasive and non-destructive way at the micro-sample level by combining different SR based methods. However, the selection of appropriate beamlines, techniques and set-ups are critical for the success of the experiments. Fine and varnished wares (e.g., Attic and western-Greek colonial products) are an excellent case study for exploring challenges offered by synchrotron X-ray microprobes optimized to collect microchemical and phase-distribution maps. The determination of provenance and/or technological tracers is relevant in correctly classifying productions, often based only on ceramic paste, gloss macroscopic features or style. In addition, when these vessels are preserved in Museums as masterpieces or intact pieces the application of non-invasive approach at the micro sample is strictly required. Well-designed synchrotron µXRF and µXANES mapping experiments are able providing relevant clues for discriminating workshops and exploring technological aspects, which are fundamental in answering the current archaeological questions on varnished Greek or western-Greek colonial products.

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