Increased Metallothionein Content in Rat Liver Induced by X Irradiation and Exposure to High Oxygen Tension

1983 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Shiraishi ◽  
Kaname Aono ◽  
Kozo Utsumi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
X Irradiation

Effect of X-irradiation on gene expression of rat liver chemokines: in vivo and in vitro studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moriconi ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
N Sheikh ◽  
J Dudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
X Irradiation

Monitoring preantral follicle survival and growth in bovine ovarian biopsies by repeated use of neutral red and cultured in vitro under low and high oxygen tension

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen P.A. Jorssen ◽  
An Langbeen ◽  
Erik Fransen ◽  
Emilia L. Martinez ◽  
Jo L.M.R. Leroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Preantral Follicle ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Survival And Growth

Fine Temporal Mapping of Plasmodium Falciparum growth Inhibition in Hypoxic Sickle Cell Trait Erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 924-924
Author(s):  
Natasha Archer ◽  
Nicole Petersen ◽  
Martha Clark ◽  
Manoj Duraisingh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Trophozoite Stage ◽  
Sickle Hemoglobin

Abstract Background: Despite the global acceptance of Haldane's hypothesis that individuals with sickle cell trait (AS) are protected against malaria, an exact mechanism of resistance remains unknown. Several theories to explain the resistance such as increased splenic destruction, impaired hemoglobin digestion, reduced cytoadherence and specific translocation of host specific microRNAs have been proposed. Here we carefully examine the influence of hypoxia and its relation to parasite cytoadherence and growth in AS and normal (AA) human red blood cells (RBCs). Materials and Methods: To assess the influence of oxygen tension on parasite proliferation in AS RBCs, we followed the proliferation of tightly synchronized P. falciparum within AS and AA RBCs at 1, 5, 10, and 17% oxygen by flow cytometry and microscopy. Carbon monoxide (CO) studies were performed by introducing 100% CO gas into our enclosed chamber system every 21 hours to prevent sickling at low oxygen. Results: Flow cytometry assessment of DNA content confirms the absence of DNA replication within parasites in AS erythrocytes at low oxygen, however normal DNA replication is observed in the presence of high oxygen tension and when CO is introduced at low oxygen. Moving parasites from high to low oxygen tension greatly influences the extent of parasite maturity; parasites moved at 16 and 20 hours post invasion (hpi) do not mature beyond that of the late ring/early trophozoite stage while parasites moved at 24, 28, and 32 hpi develop increasingly more merozoites. Conclusion: Here, we show that in hypoxic conditions parasites in AS erythrocytes stall at the late ring/early trophozoite stage and do not replicate their DNA. We also show that treatment of AS erythrocytes with high oxygen tension or carbon monoxide, a potent inhibitor of sickle hemoglobin polymerization, reverses this phenotype. We propose that the mechanism of AS protection is largely due to P.falciparum's inability to digest polymerized sickle hemoglobin once the parasite sequesters in the hypoxic microvasculature. This is likely a key driver of the reduced parasite densities observed in actual infections in AS individuals. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Nucleic Acid and Succinic Dehydrogenase of Rat Liver after X-irradiation

Science ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 124 (3211) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Leon L. Gershbein ◽  
Boguslaw K. Krotoszynski
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
X Irradiation

Nucleic Acid and Succinic Dehydrogenase of Rat Liver after X-irradiation

Science ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 124 (3211) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Leon L. Gershbein ◽  
Boguslaw K. Krotoszynski
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
X Irradiation

Stimulation of cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate in rat liver and adrenals by whole body X-irradiation

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon Gould ◽  
Virginia L. Bell ◽  
Edith H. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Synthetic Rate ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Whole body x-irradiation resulted in an increased cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver and adrenal glands, as measured by the rate of incorporation of either acetate-1-C14 or H3OH in intact animals. The effect was significant 24 hours postirradiation but was much larger at 48 hours, and was proportional to dosage over the range 300–2400 r. In liver the increase in rate was about 100%/100 r. Intestine showed no effect and carcass only a slight increase. Mice showed a small increase in hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis but rabbits and guinea pigs no significant change. Rats injected with both acetate-1-C14 and H3OH gave reasonably constant ratios of C14 and H3 in liver and carcass cholesterol in control and irradiated animals, supporting the hypothesis that the use of acetate-1-C14 in whole animals under standard conditions is a reliable measure of cholesterol biosynthetic rate. The proximate cause of the increased rate of cholesterol synthesis is postulated to be the decreased concentration; in liver a decrease of 0.12 mg/gm was correlated with a doubling of the synthetic rate.

323 INTERACTIONS OF OXYGEN TENSION, GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION, AND HEAT SHOCK ON MATURATION OF BOVINE OOCYTES

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
L. A. de Castro e Paula ◽  
P. J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
High Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

In many cell types, oxygen tension and glucose concentration affect the magnitude of heat shock effects. Experiments were performed to (1) develop oocyte maturation protocols under high (20.95%) and low (5%) oxygen tensions, and (2) test the hypothesis that low oxygen tension and high glucose concentration reduce the magnitude of the deleterious effects of heat shock on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. In Experiment 1, oocytes were matured in tissue culture medium-199 (TCM-199) or synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) containing 5.6 or 20 mM glucose, under either high or low oxygen. Fertilization was performed under high oxygen and embryos were cultured in KSOM-BE2 under low oxygen. Data were analyzed by least squares analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA), with maturation medium, glucose concentration, and oxygen tension as main effects. Oxygen concentration affected percent blastocyst formation when TCM-199 was used (greater for high oxygen than low oxygen) but not when SOF was used (medium � oxygen, P < 0.05). Similarly, glucose had no effect on percent blastocyst formation under high oxygen but high glucose was superior under low oxygen (glucose � oxygen, P < 0.05). Therefore, SOF with either 5.6 or 20 mM glucose was used to study the effect of heat shock on maturation under high and low oxygen in Experiment 2. Maturation was at 38.5�C for 22 h (control) or 41�C for 12 h and 38.5�C for 10 h (heat shock). Fertilization was performed at 38.5�C under high oxygen and embryos were cultured in KSOM-BE2 under low oxygen at 38.5�C. Data were analyzed as described above with glucose concentration, temperature and oxygen tension as main effects. The experiment was replicated nine times with a total of 3215 embryos. Heat shock decreased the cleavage rate slightly regardless of the maturation conditions (69 � 1% vs. 66 � 1%, P < 0.01). For oocytes matured in 5.6 mM glucose, percent blastocyst formation was greater for high oxygen while there was no effect of oxygen tension for oocytes matured in 20 mM glucose (glucose � oxygen, P < 0.01). Heat shock decreased the percent blastocyst formation under all maturation conditions except for the group matured under high oxygen and high glucose (temperature � oxygen � medium, P = 0.07; temperature � oxygen for oocytes under 5% oxygen; P < 0.05). The percent blastocyst formation for control and heat-shocked oocytes was 25.9% vs. 22.5% (low oxygen-5.6 mM glucose), 41.6% vs. 34.9% (low-20 mM), 41.7% vs. 35.0% (high-5.6 mM), and 37.6% vs. 37.5% (high-20 mM) (SEM = 2.0%). In conclusion, heat shock during maturation under an oxygen tension (5% oxygen) that approaches physiological conditions reduces the percent blastocyst formation. Moreover, a high glucose concentration protects oocytes from heat shock under high oxygen. This work was supported by USDA NRICGP 2002-35203-12664 and CAPES #134202-9.

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