The Application of Rapid-Lysis Techniques in Radiobiology: IV. The Effect of Glycerol and DMSO on Chinese Hamster Cell Survival and DNA Single-Strand Break Production

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Millar ◽  
Orazio Sapora ◽  
E. Martin Fielden ◽  
Pamela S. Loverock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cell ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Single Strand Break

scholarly journals Central Role for the XRCC1 BRCT I Domain in Mammalian DNA Single-Strand Break Repair

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2556-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Taylor ◽  
Angela Thistlethwaite ◽  
Keith W. Caldecott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dna Alkylation ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Single Strand Break ◽  
Single Strand Break Repair ◽  
Interaction Domains ◽  
Break Repair ◽  
Conserved Core

ABSTRACT The DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR) protein XRCC1 is required for genetic stability and for embryonic viability. XRCC1 possesses two BRCA1 carboxyl-terminal (BRCT) protein interaction domains, denoted BRCT I and II. BRCT II is required for SSBR during G1 but is dispensable for this process during S/G2 and consequently for cell survival following DNA alkylation. Little is known about BRCT I, but this domain has attracted considerable interest because it is the site of a genetic polymorphism that epidemiological studies have associated with altered cancer risk. We report that the BRCT I domain comprises the evolutionarily conserved core of XRCC1 and that this domain is required for efficient SSBR during both G1 and S/G2 cell cycle phases and for cell survival following treatment with methyl methanesulfonate. However, the naturally occurring human polymorphism in BRCT I supported XRCC1-dependent SSBR and cell survival after DNA alkylation equally well. We conclude that while the BRCT I domain is critical for XRCC1 to maintain genetic integrity and cell survival, the polymorphism does not impact significantly on this function and therefore is unlikely to impact significantly on susceptibility to cancer.

scholarly journals Effects of variation in glutathione peroxidase activity on DNA damage and cell survival in human cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide

1990 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Sandström ◽  
S L Marklund
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Single Strand Break ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Single Strand Breaks

The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities of two human cell lines, the colon carcinoma HT29 and the mesothelioma P31, cultured in medium containing 2% serum, increased from 195 to 541 and from 94 to 361 units/mg of protein respectively after supplementation with 100 nM-selenite. The catalase activity remained unchanged by this treatment. The effects of the obtained variation in glutathione peroxidase activities were investigated by exposing cells to H2O2 and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Selenite supplementation resulted in a decrease in H2O2-induced DNA single-strand breaks in both HT29 and P31 cells. A small, but significant, decrease in the number of DNA single-strand breaks for low doses (10-50 microM) of t-butyl hydroperoxide was found only in P31 cells and not in HT29 cells. We could detect neither induction of double-strand breaks (detection limit approx. 1000 breaks per cell) nor DNA-protein cross-links after exposing the cells to the two peroxides. In spite of the apparent protective effect of increased glutathione peroxidase activity on DNA single-strand break formation, there were no differences between selenite-supplemented and non-supplemented cells in cell survival after exposure to peroxide.

Effects of Singlet Oxygen on the Biological Activity of DNA and Its Involvement in Single Strand-Break Formation

1988 ◽  
pp. 473-477
Author(s):  
Heribert Wefers ◽  
Paolo Di Mascio ◽  
Hong-Phuc Do-Thi ◽  
Dietrich Schulte-Frohlinde ◽  
Helmut Sies
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Single Strand Break ◽  
Break Formation

End-damage-specific proteins facilitate recruitment or stability of X-ray cross-complementing protein 1 at the sites of DNA single-strand break repair

FEBS Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (22) ◽  
pp. 5753-5763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Parsons ◽  
Irina I. Dianova ◽  
Emma Boswell ◽  
Michael Weinfeld ◽  
Grigory L. Dianov
Keyword(s):  
Strand Break ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Single Strand Break ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Strand Break Repair ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Break Repair
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