Infrared-Induced Thermoelectric Potentials in Extracellular Recording Electrodes

1973 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
P. M. McIlvaine ◽  
G. Lengyel ◽  
V. H. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Recording Electrodes

A Robotic Neural Interface for Autonomous Positioning of Extracellular Recording Electrodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1240-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Wolf ◽  
Jorge G. Cham ◽  
Edward A. Branchaud ◽  
Grant H. Mulliken ◽  
Joel W. Burdick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Neural Interface ◽  
Recording Electrodes

scholarly journals Using Interleaved Stimulation to Measure the Size and Selectivity of the Sustained Phase-Locked Neural Response to Cochlear Implant Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
François Guérit ◽  
John M. Deeks ◽  
Andrew Harland ◽  
Robin Gransier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Charge Integration ◽  
Recording Electrodes ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Do So

AbstractWe measured the sustained neural response to electrical stimulation by a cochlear implant (CI). To do so, we interleaved two stimuli with frequencies F1 and F2 Hz and recorded a neural distortion response (NDR) at F2-F1 Hz. We show that, because any one time point contains only the F1 or F2 stimulus, the instantaneous nonlinearities typical of electrical artefact should not produce distortion at this frequency. However, if the stimulus is smoothed, such as by charge integration at the nerve membrane, subsequent (neural) nonlinearities can produce a component at F2-F1 Hz. We stimulated a single CI electrode with interleaved sinusoids or interleaved amplitude-modulated pulse trains such that F2 = 1.5F1, and found no evidence for an NDR when F2-F1 was between 90 and 120 Hz. However, interleaved amplitude-modulated pulse trains with F2-F1~40 Hz revealed a substantial NDR with a group delay of about 45 ms, consistent with a thalamic and/or cortical response. The NDR could be measured even from recording electrodes adjacent to the implant and at the highest pulse rates (> 4000 pps) used clinically. We then measured the selectivity of this sustained response by presenting F1 and F2 to different electrodes and at different between-electrode distances. This revealed a broad tuning that, we argue, reflects the overlap between the excitation elicited by the two electrodes. Our results also provide a glimpse of the neural nonlinearity in the auditory system, unaffected by the biomechanical cochlear nonlinearities that accompany acoustic stimulation. Several potential clinical applications of our findings are discussed.

Classification of EEG Mental Patterns by Using Two Scalp Electrodes and Mahalanobis Distance-Based Classifiers

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cincotti ◽  
D. Mattia ◽  
C. Babiloni ◽  
F. Carducci ◽  
L. Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
System A ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Full Covariance Matrix ◽  
Recording Electrodes

Summary Objectives: In this paper, we explored the use of quadratic classifiers based on Mahalanobis distance to detect mental EEG patterns from a reduced set of scalp recording electrodes. Methods: Electrodes are placed in scalp centro-parietal zones (C3, P3, C4 and P4 positions of the international 10-20 system). A Mahalanobis distance classifier based on the use of full covariance matrix was used. Results: The quadratic classifier was able to detect EEG activity related to imagination of movement with an affordable accuracy (97% correct classification, on average) by using only C3 and C4 electrodes. Conclusions: Such a result is interesting for the use of Mahalanobis-based classifiers in the brain computer interface area.

A slice chamber for intracellular and extracellular recording during continuous perfusion

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Kelso ◽  
Douglas O. Nelson ◽  
Nancy L. Silva ◽  
Jack A. Boulant
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Continuous Perfusion

scholarly journals Localization and function of dopamine receptors in the subthalamic nucleus of normal and parkinsonian monkeys

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Galvan ◽  
Xing Hu ◽  
Karen S. Rommelfanger ◽  
Jean-Francois Pare ◽  
Zafar U. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
D1 Receptors ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
D1 And D2 Receptors ◽  
And Function

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) receives a dopaminergic innervation from the substantia nigra pars compacta, but the role of this projection remains poorly understood, particularly in primates. To address this issue, we used immuno-electron microscopy to localize D1, D2, and D5 dopamine receptors in the STN of rhesus macaques and studied the electrophysiological effects of activating D1-like or D2-like receptors in normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated parkinsonian monkeys. Labeling of D1 and D2 receptors was primarily found presynaptically, on preterminal axons and putative glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals, while D5 receptors were more significantly expressed postsynaptically, on dendritic shafts of STN neurons. The electrical spiking activity of STN neurons, recorded with standard extracellular recording methods, was studied before, during, and after intra-STN administration of the dopamine D1-like receptor agonist SKF82958, the D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole, or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (control injections). In normal animals, administration of SKF82958 significantly reduced the spontaneous firing but increased the rate of intraburst firing and the proportion of pause-burst sequences of firing. Quinpirole only increased the proportion of such pause-burst sequences in STN neurons of normal monkeys. In MPTP-treated monkeys, the D1-like receptor agonist also reduced the firing rate and increased the proportion of pause-burst sequences, while the D2-like receptor agonist did not change any of the chosen descriptors of the firing pattern of STN neurons. Our data suggest that dopamine receptor activation can directly modulate the electrical activity of STN neurons by pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in both normal and parkinsonian states, predominantly via activation of D1 receptors.

scholarly journals Aptamer-functionalized neural recording electrodes for the direct measurement of cocaine in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 2445-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mitch Taylor ◽  
Zhanhong Du ◽  
Emma T. Bigelow ◽  
James R. Eles ◽  
Anthony R. Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Recording Electrodes

First everin vivosensor for directly measuring cocaine concentration in the brainviaelectrochemical detection at DNA aptamer functionalized single shank, silicon-based neural recording probes.

Excitatory synaptic actions between pairs of neighboring pyramidal tract cells in the motor cortex

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 636-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kang ◽  
K. Endo ◽  
T. Araki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Current Pulse ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Recording Electrode ◽  
Axon Collaterals ◽  
Pt Cell ◽  
Cathodal Current

1. By spike-triggered averaging, we documented recurrent individual excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) produced in 33 pyramidal tract (PT) cells (target) by the activity of axon collaterals of neighboring single PT cells (reference) in the motor cortex of the cat. 2. The computer was triggered by the spontaneous activity of reference PT cells or by current pulses applied to reference PT cells through the extracellular recording electrode. 3. The threshold for direct activation of PT cells was less than 0.1 microA with an anodal current pulse and 0.2-0.3 microA with a cathodal current pulse. 4. Application of an anodal current pulse directly activated only a single reference PT cell, the surface membrane of which was presumably touched by and sucked with the extracellular recording electrode. 5. When a cathodal current pulse was used, simultaneous activation of neurons or axons other than the reference PT cell was checked by changing the stimulus parameters along the characteristic strength-duration curve for the reference PT cell and/or by comparing averaged EPSPs obtained by cathodal stimulation with those obtained from spontaneous spikes of the reference PT cell. 6. Recurrent individual EPSPs were produced in fast PT cells by activation of neighboring slow PT cells and also of neighboring fast PT cells. Some recurrent individual EPSPs were also observed in slow PT cells. 7. The mean latencies of recurrent individual EPSPs produced by the spontaneous activity of reference slow and fast PT cells were 1.61 (n = 12) and 1.12 ms (n = 8), respectively. Their amplitudes ranged between 30 and 390 microV (n = 33). The rise time observed in fast PT cells with activation of slow and fast PT cells ranged from 1.6 to 3.6 ms (n = 20) and from 0.8 to 1.9 ms (n = 10), respectively. 8. The average conduction velocity of axon collaterals of slow and fast PT cells was estimated to be as slow as that of unmyelinated fibers in the cat. 9. It is suggested that axon collaterals of slow PT cells synapse onto more distal dendrites of fast PT cells than axon collaterals of fast PT cells.

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