Optimal Digestion in a Batch-Reactor Gut: The Analogy to Partial Prey Consumption

Oikos ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Partial Prey Consumption

The causes and consequences of partial prey consumption by wolves preying on moose

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Vucetich ◽  
Leah M. Vucetich ◽  
Rolf O. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Partial Prey Consumption

Partial prey consumption by ambush predators

1985 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Lucas ◽  
Alan Grafen
Keyword(s):  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Ambush Predators ◽  
Partial Prey Consumption

Substrate Type Affects Partial Prey Consumption by Larvae of the Antlion Myrmeleon Acer (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Loiterton ◽  
RD Magrath
Keyword(s):  
Capture Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Capture Success ◽  
Partial Prey Consumption ◽  
Made In

Three types of hypotheses have been used to explain why predators often do not fully consume their prey. First, parts of the prey may be inedible. Second, physical or physiological constraints may be important. For example, gut capacity might limit the amount that can be taken in one meal, which may result in partial prey consumption. Third, individuals may choose to terminate feeding before an absolute constraint is reached. For example, some optimality models assume that partial prey consumption maximises rate of energy gain. Distinguishing between these hypotheses can be difficult because they may make qualitatively similar predictions. For example, as prey encounter rate increases, a smaller proportion of each prey item is consumed. We attempted to test between 'constraint' and 'choice' hypotheses by manipulating the expectation of capture independently of the actual capture rate for larvae of the antlion Myrmeleon acer. Ants escaped from artificial pits made in coarse sand more quickly than from pits made in fine sand, suggesting that capture success for antlions would be lower in coarse sand. Furthermore, antlions given the choice of these two substrates built their pits in fine sand. We therefore proposed that an antlion's 'expectation' of mean capture success will be lower when it is forced to build its pit in coarse sand compared with fine sand. We found that antlions in coarse sand consumed a greater proportion of their prey than did antlions in fine sand, contrary to the constraint hypotheses, but in support of choice models. Handling time did not differ between substrates, suggesting that antlion larvae may be able to modify digestion such that they can digest prey at a greater rate in poor conditions.

Partial Prey Consumption by Browsers: Trees as Patches

10.2307/5173 ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marten Astrom ◽  
Per Lundberg ◽  
Kjell Danell
Keyword(s):  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Partial Prey Consumption

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using nanopillars-TiO2 thin films: Batch reactor studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lalhriatpuia
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Interfering Ions

Nanopillars-TiO2 thin films was obtained on a borosilicate glass substrate with (S1) and without (S2) polyethylene glycol as template. The photocatalytic behaviour of S1 and S2 thin films was assessed inthe degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution under batch reactor operations. The thin films were characterized by the SEM, XRD, FTIR and AFM analytical methods. BET specific surface area and pore sizes were also obtained. The XRD data confirmed that the TiO2 particles are in its anatase mineral phase. The SEM and AFM images indicated the catalyst is composed with nanosized pillars of TiO2, evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The BET specific surface area and pore sizes of S1 and S2 catalyst were found to be 5.217 and 1.420 m2/g and 7.77 and 4.16 nm respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was well studied at wide range of physico-chemical parameters. The effect of solution pH (pH 4.0 to 10.0) and MB initial concentration (1.0 to 10.0 mg/L) was extensively studied and the effect of several interfering ions, i.e., cadmium nitrate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, glycine, oxalic acid and EDTA in the photocatalytic degradation of MB was demonstrated. The maximum percent removal of MB was observed at pH 8.0 beyond which it started decreasing and a low initial concentration of the pollutant highly favoured the photocatalytic degradation using thin films and the presence of several interfering ions diminished the photocatalytic activity of thin films to some extent. The overall photocatalytic activity was in the order: S2 > S1 > UV. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The mineralization of MB was studied with total organic carbon measurement using the TOC (total organic carbon) analysis.

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

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