Effects of Fruit Crop Size on Intensity of Fruit Removal in Viburnum prunifolium (Caprifoliaceae)

Oikos ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Laska ◽  
Edmund W. Stiles
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Fruit Crop Size

scholarly journals Bird fruit consumption results from the interaction between fruit-handling behaviour and fruit crop size

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Palacio ◽  
M. Valoy ◽  
F. Bernacki ◽  
M.S. Sánchez ◽  
M.G. Núñez-Montellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Fruit Crop Size

scholarly journals Crop damage of Eriotheca gracilipes (Bombacaceae) by the Blue-Fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva, Psittacidae), in the Brazilian Cerrado

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ragusa-Netto
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fruit Crop Size

Seed predation has major effects on the reproductive success of individuals, spatial patterns of populations, genetic variability, interspecific interactions and ultimately in the diversity of tree communities. At a Brazilian savanna, I evaluated the proportional crop loss of Eriotheca gracilipes due the Blue-Fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) during a fruiting period. Also, I analyzed the relationship between proportional crop loss to Amazons and both fruit crop size and the distance from the nearest damaged conspecific. Trees produced from 1 to 109 fruits, so that Amazons foraged more often on trees bearing larger fruit crop size, while seldom visited less productive trees. Moreover, the relationship between fruit crop sizes and the number of depredated fruits was significant. However, when only damaged trees were assessed, I found a negative and significant relation between fruit crop size and proportional crop loss to Blue-Fronted Amazons. Taking into account this as a measure more directly related to the probability of seed survival, a negative density dependent effect emerged. Also, Amazons similarly damaged the fruit crops of either close or distant neighboring damaged trees. Hence, in spite of Blue-Fronted Amazons searched for E. gracilipes bearing large fruit crops, they were swamped due to the presence of more fruits than they could eat. Moderate seed predation by Blue-Fronted Amazons either at trees with large fruit crops or in areas where fruiting trees were aggregated implies in an enhanced probability of E. gracilipes seed survival and consequent regeneration success.

Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India

Biotropica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Gopal ◽  
Divya Mudappa ◽  
T. R. Shankar Raman ◽  
Rohit Naniwadekar
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Fruit Crop Size

The relationship between crop size and fruit removal and its implication for the evolution of dioecy

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1784-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Evolution Of Dioecy ◽  
The Relationship

The number of fruits removed by birds from individual Ilex opaca (Aquifoliaceae) was found to increase as a function of crop size in both 1986 and 1987. The proportion of the fruit crop removed, however, was not significantly affected by crop size in either year. In 1986 the increase in relative female fitness as a function of crop size rapidly became asymptotic. In 1987 relative female fitness increased more linearly over the range of fruit crop sizes. Differences between years were attributed to differences in disperser abundance. The change in relative fitness with increasing crop size was not sufficient to explain the evolutionary stability of dioecy under conditions such as those in 1986 (i.e., asymptotic fitness gains). Under conditions of more proportional increases in relative fitness (as seen in 1987), circumstances became more favorable for the stability of dioecy, though still not sufficient. This and other empirical studies of the response of avian dispersers to variation in fruit crop size suggest that selection for increased crop size is not likely, by itself, to be strong enough to allow dioecy to exist in a stable state. I suggest that the combined effects of sexual selection (especially through male–male competition) and inbreeding depression will be more important than the effect of differential dispersal success for the evolution and maintenance of dioecy in plants. Key words: dioecy, dispersal, frugivore, holly, Ilex.

scholarly journals Avian Fruit Removal: Effects of Fruit Variation, Crop Size, and Insect Damage

Ecology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jordano
Keyword(s):  
Insect Damage ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Size

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRUIT RIPENESS, WASP SEED PREDATION, AND AVIAN FRUIT REMOVAL IN PISTACIA PALAESTINA

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Izhaki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Fruit Abortion ◽  
Pistacia Terebinthus ◽  
Unripe Fruits

Substantial variation in fruit removal between individual Pistacia palaestina plants was observed in northern Israel. To elucidate the causes of this variation, I examined several proximal sources of between-individual variation in fruit removal and dispersal efficiency. Crop size, tree height, and diameter explained some between- individual variation in fruit removal. Dispersal efficiency was mainly influenced by the proportion of the unripe fruits (including aborted and parthenocarpic fruits). Comparison of several reproductive parameters of P. palaestina with another Pistacia species (P. terebinthus) in Spain, revealed that P. palaestina produces larger fruit crop, faces higher seed prédation by infesting wasps, and has lower proportions of parthenocarpy and fruit abortion than Pistacia terebinthus. Fruit removal and dispersal efficiency of the former is much higher than the latter.

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