Role of fungi in the trophic niche of the congeneric detritivorous Asellus aquaticus and A. coxalis (Isopoda)

Oikos ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreto Rossi ◽  
Anna E. Fano
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Asellus Aquaticus

Consistent patterns of trophic niche specialization in host populations infected with a non-native copepod parasite

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PEGG ◽  
D. ANDREOU ◽  
C. F. WILLIAMS ◽  
J. R. BRITTON
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Trophic Specialization ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Copepod Parasite ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Native Parasite ◽  
Fish Hosts

SUMMARYPopulations of generalist species often comprise of smaller sub-sets of relatively specialized individuals whose niches comprise small sub-sets of the overall population niche. Here, the role of parasite infections in trophic niche specialization was tested using five wild fish populations infected with the non-native parasite Ergasilus briani, a copepod parasite with a direct lifecycle that infects the gill tissues of fish hosts. Infected and uninfected fishes were sampled from the same habitats during sampling events. Prevalence in the host populations ranged between 16 and 67%, with parasite abundances of up to 66 parasites per fish. Although pathological impacts included hyperplasia and localized haemorrhaging of gill tissues, there were no significant differences in the length, weight and condition of infected and uninfected fishes. Stable isotope analyses (δ13C, δ15N) revealed that the trophic niche of infected fishes, measured as standard ellipse area (i.e. the isotopic niche), was consistently and significantly smaller compared with uninfected conspecifics. These niches of infected fishes always sat within that of uninfected fish, suggesting trophic specialization in hosts. These results suggested trophic specialization is a potentially important non-lethal consequence of parasite infection that results from impaired functional traits of the host.

Sympatric Coevolution of the Trophic Niche of Two Detritivorous Isopods, Asellus aquaticus and Proasellus coxalis

Oikos ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rossi ◽  
E. A. Fano ◽  
A. Basset
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Asellus Aquaticus

A Coadapted Trophic Niche in Two Species of Crustacea (Isopoda): Asellus aquaticus (L.) and Proasellus coxalis Dolff

Evolution ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreto Rossi ◽  
Alberto Basset ◽  
Loredana Nobile
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Asellus Aquaticus

scholarly journals The role of ecotype‐environment interactions in intraspecific trophic niche partitioning subsequent to stocking

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Morissette ◽  
P. Sirois ◽  
C. C. Wilson ◽  
M. Laporte ◽  
L. Bernatchez
Keyword(s):  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Trophic Niche

Role of Adult Faeces in the Nutrition of Larvae of Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda)

Oikos ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreto Rossi ◽  
G. Vitagliano-Tadini
Keyword(s):  
Asellus Aquaticus

scholarly journals The Role of Photobionts as Drivers of Diversification in an Island Radiation of Lichen-Forming Fungi

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Blázquez ◽  
Lucía S. Hernández-Moreno ◽  
Francisco Gasulla ◽  
Israel Pérez-Vargas ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Group A ◽  
Algal Genus ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
The 19Th Century

Speciation in oceanic islands has attracted the interest of scientists since the 19th century. One of the most striking evolutionary phenomena that can be studied in islands is adaptive radiation, that is, when a lineage gives rise to different species by means of ecological speciation. Some of the best-known examples of adaptive radiation are charismatic organisms like the Darwin finches of the Galapagos and the cichlid fishes of the great African lakes. In these and many other examples, a segregation of the trophic niche has been shown to be an important diversification driver. Radiations are known in other groups of organisms, such as lichen-forming fungi. However, very few studies have investigated their adaptive nature, and none have focused on the trophic niche. In this study, we explore the role of the trophic niche in a putative radiation of endemic species from the Macaronesian Region, the Ramalina decipiens group. The photobiont diversity was studied by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS2 region of 197 specimens spanning the phylogenetic breadth and geographic range of the group. A total of 66 amplicon sequence variants belonging to the four main clades of the algal genus Trebouxia were found. Approximately half of the examined thalli showed algal coexistence, but in most of them, a single main photobiont amounted to more than 90% of the reads. However, there were no significant differences in photobiont identity and in the abundance of ITS2 reads across the species of the group. We conclude that a segregation of the trophic niche has not occurred in the R. decipiens radiation.

scholarly journals The role of echolocation strategies for niche differentiation in bats

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Denzinger ◽  
Marco Tschapka ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Narrow Space ◽  
Pulse Echo

Guilds subdivide bat assemblages into basic structural units of species with similar patterns of habitat use and foraging modes, but do not explain mechanisms of niche differentiation. Bats have evolved four different echolocation strategies allowing the access to four different trophic niche spaces differing in niche dimensions. Bats foraging in open and edge spaces use the “aerial hawking or trawling strategy” and detect and localize prey by evaluating pulse–echo trains in which the prey echo is unmasked. The pulse–echo pairs deliver mainly positional information on the prey and only little information on its nature. Signals are highly variable and are adapted for detection and localization in open space and (or) edge space. In narrow space, bats identify prey by solving a pattern recognition task. Bats using the “flutter detecting strategy” evaluate glint pattern in prey echoes; bats using the “active gleaning strategy” evaluate the spectral–temporal pattern of the prey–clutter echo complex; and bats using the “passive gleaning strategy” evaluate the pattern of prey-generated cues to find food and use echolocation only for spatial orientation. The less variable signals of narrow space bats are adapted for pattern recognition. The diverse and species-rich tropical bat assemblage at Barro Colorado Island, Panama, is here used as an exemplar for assigning bats to guilds, and we discuss the role of echolocation and other adaptations for niche differentiation within guilds.

scholarly journals Precise occlusion and trophic niche differentiation indicate specialized feeding in Early Devonian jawed vertebrates

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-530
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Jaw Function ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Paraphyletic Assemblage

Acanthodians may represent a paraphyletic assemblage of stem chondrichthyans, stem osteichthyans, stem gnathostomes, or some combination of the three. One of the difficulties in determining the phylogenetic affinities of this group of mostly small, spiny fishes is that several subgroups of acanthodians are represented by relatively little information in the fossil record. It is becoming increasingly apparent that to understand the evolution of gnathostomes, we must understand more about acanthodians. This study uses micro-computed tomography to test hypotheses about acanthodian jaw function, and in doing so provides insight into the form, function, and ecological role of ischnacanthiform acanthodian jaws and teeth from an extraordinary Early Devonian fossil locality in the Northwest Territories of Canada. The results of this study suggest that ischnacanthiform acanthodians may have coexisted by trophic niche differentiation, employing specialized feeding strategies during the Silurian and Early Devonian.

scholarly journals Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. eaaz5443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga E. Conti-Jerpe ◽  
Philip D. Thompson ◽  
Cheong Wai Martin Wong ◽  
Nara L. Oliveira ◽  
Nicolas N. Duprey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Polyp Size ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Trophic Strategy

Ocean warming increases the incidence of coral bleaching, which reduces or eliminates the nutrition corals receive from their algal symbionts, often resulting in widespread mortality. In contrast to extensive knowledge on the thermal tolerance of coral-associated symbionts, the role of the coral host in bleaching patterns across species is poorly understood. Here, we applied a Bayesian analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data to determine the trophic niche overlap between corals and their symbionts and propose benchmark values that define autotrophy, heterotrophy, and mixotrophy. The amount of overlap between coral and symbiont niche was negatively correlated with polyp size and bleaching resistance. Our results indicated that as oceans warm, autotrophic corals lose their competitive advantage and thus are the first to disappear from coral reefs.

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