Spacing Strategies, kin Selection, and Population Regulation in Altricial Vertebrates

Oikos ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn von Schantz ◽  
Torbjorn von Schantz
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection ◽  
Population Regulation

scholarly journals Competitive environments sustain costly altruism with negligible assortment of interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Patrick Doncaster ◽  
Adam Jackson ◽  
Richard A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection ◽  
Population Regulation ◽  
Density Regulation ◽  
Generic Models ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Kin Structure ◽  
Strong Competition

Abstract Competition hinders the evolution of altruism amongst kin when beneficiaries gain at the expense of competing relatives. Altruism is consequently deemed to require stronger kin selection, or trait-selected synergies, or elastic population regulation, to counter this effect. Here we contest the view that competition puts any such demands on altruism. In ecologically realistic scenarios, competition influences both altruism and defection. We show how environments that pit defectors against each other allow strong altruism to evolve even in populations with negligible kin structure and no synergies. Competition amongst defectors presents relative advantages to altruism in the simplest games between altruists and defectors and the most generic models of altruistic phenotypes or genotypes invading non-altruistic populations under inelastic density regulation. Given the widespread inevitability of competition, selection will often favour altruism because its alternatives provide lower fitness. Strong competition amongst defectors nevertheless undermines altruism, by facilitating invasion of unrelated beneficiaries as parasites.

scholarly journals Sex-biased demography modulates male harm across the genome

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1965) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Hitchcock ◽  
Andy Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Population Regulation ◽  
Reproductive Skew ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Sex Biases

Recent years have seen an explosion of theoretical and empirical interest in the role that kin selection plays in shaping patterns of sexual conflict, with a particular focus on male harming traits. However, this work has focused solely on autosomal genes, and as such it remains unclear how demography modulates the evolution of male harm loci occurring in other portions of the genome, such as sex chromosomes and cytoplasmic elements. To investigate this, we extend existing models of sexual conflict for application to these different modes of inheritance. We first analyse the general case, revealing how sex-specific relatedness, reproductive value and the intensity of local competition combine to determine the potential for male harm. We then analyse a series of demographically explicit models, to assess how dispersal, overlapping generations, reproductive skew and the mechanism of population regulation affect sexual conflict across the genome, and drive conflict between nuclear and cytoplasmic genes. We then explore the effects of sex biases in these demographic parameters, showing how they may drive further conflicts between autosomes and sex chromosomes. Finally, we outline how different crossing schemes may be used to identify signatures of these intragenomic conflicts.

Selection and Population Regulation with Habitat Variation

1985 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy Bugge Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Population Regulation ◽  
Habitat Variation

scholarly journals Family quarrels in seeds and rapid adaptive evolution in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (19) ◽  
pp. 9463-9468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Geist ◽  
Joan E. Strassmann ◽  
David C. Queller
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Evolutionary Conflict ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

Evolutionary conflict can drive rapid adaptive evolution, sometimes called an arms race, because each party needs to respond continually to the adaptations of the other. Evidence for such arms races can sometimes be seen in morphology, in behavior, or in the genes underlying sexual interactions of host−pathogen interactions, but is rarely predicted a priori. Kin selection theory predicts that conflicts of interest should usually be reduced but not eliminated among genetic relatives, but there is little evidence as to whether conflict within families can drive rapid adaptation. Here we test multiple predictions about how conflict over the amount of resources an offspring receives from its parent would drive rapid molecular evolution in seed tissues of the flowering plant Arabidopsis. As predicted, there is more adaptive evolution in genes expressed in Arabidopsis seeds than in other specialized organs, more in endosperms and maternal tissues than in embryos, and more in the specific subtissues involved in nutrient transfer. In the absence of credible alternative hypotheses, these results suggest that kin selection and conflict are important in plants, that the conflict includes not just the mother and offspring but also the triploid endosperm, and that, despite the conflict-reducing role of kinship, family members can engage in slow but steady tortoise-like arms races.

A Reexamination of Rendille Population Regulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Abella Roth
Keyword(s):  
Population Regulation

Kin selection in density regulated populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document