Ecological Aspects of Heterospecific Flocks Formation in a Mediterranean Passerine Bird Community

Oikos ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Bird Community ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Ecological Aspects

scholarly journals Seasonal and Interspecific Variation in Frugivory by a Mixed Resident-Migrant Overwintering Songbird Community

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Wales A. Carter ◽  
Scott F. Pearson ◽  
Adam D. Smith ◽  
Scott R. McWilliams ◽  
Douglas J. Levey
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
Discrimination Factors ◽  
Diet Shifts

Many temperate passerine bird species switch from diets of mostly invertebrates in the spring and summer to diets that include fruit and seeds in the fall and winter. However, relatively few studies have quantified diet composition or the extent of seasonal shifts during the non-breeding period, particularly among species and across communities with both residents and migrants. We measured carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values in food items (fruits, C3 and C4 seeds, and insects from various trophic levels and plant communities) and in multiple tissues (feathers and plasma/whole blood) from 11 species of songbirds wintering in the southeastern U.S. We combined these diet and tissue values with empirically derived discrimination factors and used concentration-dependent mixing models to quantify seasonal diet shifts. We also validated mixing model results with data from fecal samples. Diets in this bird community, as delineated N and C isotopic space, diverged in the fall and winter relative to the summer as consumption of fruits and seeds increased. Across this songbird community, estimated contributions of fruit to plasma/whole blood increased from 16.2 ± 7.5% in the fall (mean ± SD; range: 4–26%) to 21.7 ± 10.3% (range: 9–37%) in the winter, while contributions of seeds increased from 29.4 ± 2.6% (range: 28–32%) in the fall to 36.6 ± 4.8% (range: 32–42%) in the winter. Fecal data showed qualitatively similar trends to mixing models, but consistently estimated higher contributions of fruit. Our work indicates that fruits and seeds constitute substantial sources of sustenance for non-breeding songbirds, there is considerable separation of resource use among species in the fall and winter, and fecal estimates of contributions to songbird tissues should be interpreted cautiously.

Shrub-dwelling species are joining the Arctic passerine bird community in the Chaun Delta (Western Chukotka, Russia)

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Ktitorov ◽  
Stepan Ivanov ◽  
Evgenia Kornilova ◽  
Olga Kulikova ◽  
Harald Ris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Community ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
The Arctic

scholarly journals The 37-year dynamics of a subalpine passerine bird community, with special emphasis on the influence of environmental temperature and Epirrita autumnata cycles

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Enemar ◽  
Bengt Sjöstrand ◽  
Göran Andersson ◽  
Ted Von Proschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Epirrita Autumnata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The breeding passerine bird community of 9 km2 of a primeval subalpine birch forest in Swedish Lapland was censused yearly from 1963 through 1999. The community density remained stable, fluctuating around a mean value of 403 ± 85 territories/km2. Species richness increased by an average of one species every four years. Twenty species made up 98% of the community and Phylloscopus trochilus (40%) and Fringilla montifringilla (19%) remained the dominant species. The species turnover rate between successive seasons was on average 30%. The mean temperatures in June and July were positively correlated to the community density two years and one year later, respectively, less so for the densities of the individual species. Fringilla montifringilla increased in density during the first two years of each Epirrita autumnata caterpillar outbreak, whereas the other species responded only weakly or not at all. All species tended to fluctuate in parallel (no significant opposite trends) which together with the other results suggests that the investigated bird community is far from saturated.

The Management Implications of the Mt. Carmel Research Project

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ne'eman ◽  
A Perevolotsky ◽  
G Schiller
Keyword(s):  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Burned Site

In 1989 a wildfire destroyed 300 ha of natural pine forest and Mediterranean woodland on Mt. Carmel, Israel. Consequently an interdisciplinary scientific effort in fire ecology was initiated in order to propose recommendations to the management authorities, Field data gathered on soil erosion in the Mt. Carmel site implied that erosion is severe only during the first winter after fire, but it does not seem to present a significant threat to longterm ecosystem recovery. The recovery of the natural vegetation mitigates erosion, and there is no special need for any precautions to be taken immediatly following fire. Salvage cutting of burned trees had no effect on pine seedling recruitment, on vegetation development and on plant species diversity. Salvage cutting did affect passerine bird community by slowing down succession rate. For successful regeneration of the pine forest the burned site need not to be planted, since the number of natural pine seedlings is sufficiently great, and there is a need to conserve the genetic and spatial variability of the forest. Although thinning has a positive effect on short-term pine survival and growth, such action is not recommended since pine seedlings are susceptible to pine bast scale (Matsococcus josephi) up to seven years, and to severe damage by porcupines. Selection caused by this bast scale might improve the resistance of the new pine forest stand. Pine seedling growing in the:microsites of the old burned pine trees should be treated carefully, since some of them, due to their fast development, appear to be the next generation of the forest. Thinning of these groups can be considered after seven years, accompanied by removal of Cistus dwarf shrubs. However, where porcupine damage is observed, thinning should be done at low rates and with no pruning of side twigs. Since animal succession is a consequence of the change and progress in vegetation structure, there is no need for animal resettlement. The concept of 'fuel breaks', combining a single massive thinning of the woody vegetation and an annual short but heavy grazing, is a management option for decreasing fire danger and future fire damage.

The Effects of Post-Fire Management on Bird Community Succession

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Izhaki ◽  
M Adar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Avian Community Structure

In September 1989 a wild fire burned over 300 ha of pine (Pinus halepensis) forest on Mt. Carmel, Israel. In winter 1990, logging took place on several burned plots. Since then, nonbreeding bird communities were censused in unburned plots, in burned plots and in burned logged plots. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to investigate the relationship between bird composition, post-fire managements and time since fire. Thirty-three species of passerine bird were recorded during fall, winter and spring (1991-1994). The most significant differences in avian community structure appeared between the unburned forest and the burned logged forest, and between the first period (1-2 years) post-fire and the following period (3-5 years post-fire). In general, the number of bird species in the ecosystem was increased as the result of imposing different post-fire managements. Therefore, creating a mosaic of different type of habitats contributed in maintaining high bird diversity.

scholarly journals Species trends, turnover and composition of a woodland bird community in southern Sweden during a period of fifty-seven years

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Svensson ◽  
Ann Mari Thorner ◽  
N Erik I Nyholm
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Breeding Bird Survey ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Adjacent Pair ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Bird Survey ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Blue Tits

The number of small passerine bird territories was determined annually during 57 years (1953–2009) in a 13 ha broadleaf deciduous wood with several grazed glades, surrounded by crop farmland in southernmost Sweden. Only marginal habitat changes occurred. Both number of species and number of territories increased. Resident species and short-distance migrants tended to increase whereas tropical migrants declined. Many of the changes were similar to trends recorded by the national Breeding Bird Survey, suggesting that they were due to regional population trends. Notable changes were: former dominant Willow Warbler now rare but closely related newcomer Chiffchaff now well established, Garden Warblers replaced by Blackcaps, Tree Pipit strong recent decline, increase of cavity-nesting Great and Blue Tits, locally extinct Yellowhammer recovered. Species turnover between adjacent pair of years was without trend but turnover increased with increasing distance between pair of years predicting complete turnover by about 2190. A comparison with a larger oldgrowth wood nearby indicated no obvious effects of the small size and narrow configuration of the study site on its community.

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