The Impact of Zinc Smelter Emissions on Forest Litter Arthropods

Oikos ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. Strojan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Litter ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smelter Emissions

scholarly journals Generative reproduction of Vaccinium myrtillus in laboratory conditions and the influence of zinc-smelter emissions on it

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Czuchajowska ◽  
Teresa Strączek
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Smelter Emissions ◽  
Parameter Point

The germination of <em>Vaccinium myrtillus</em> seeds and the development of the seedlings in laboratory conditions are described. The dynamics, the power of germinaltion and Pieper coefficients for the seeds were strongly influenced by the intensity of zinc-,smelter pollution of the forest stand from which they originated. The rates of survival were also estimated for seedlings transferred from filter-;paper into polluted and unpolluted samples of soil and litter. The differences noticed in the latter parameter point to the possibility of formation in the polluted stand of ecotypes more resistant to the influence of pollution than the original ones.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ НА МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЛІСОВОЇ ПІДСТИЛКИ (НПП «СКОЛІВСЬКІ БЕСКИДИ» УКРАЇНСЬКІ КАРПАТИ)

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
О. І. Леневич
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the analysis of morphological aspects of the forest litter structure on ecological and tourist routes in the mountainous region. The study revealed that the changes in the basic parameters of the forest litter are caused by ground trampling. It was estimated that on trails between 0.5 m and 2 m wide, the stock of forest litter is 1.23-1.5 kg/m², and its capacity is 1.3-1.6 cm. With the supply of fresh foliage on the trails, the L, F and H sub-horizons can be identified there. On trails of 2 to 3 m wide, the stock of forest floor is 0.51-0.91 kg·m², that is almost twice less than on narrower trails. The capacity of the litter on trails more than 2 m wide is 0.3-0.5 cm, of which 0.2-0.4 is the F+H sub-horizon. On slopes with ≥ 15 º, the reserves and capacity of the forest litter in the lower part of the trail are about 10 % greater than in its upper part. Basically, the redistribution of forest litter is observed within a trail and its side. The stock of forest litter on the trail decreases due to the fact that the damaged litter is removed outside the trail. In the spring and summer, the forest litter is washed off by rain and melt water, forming the so-called “rollers” on its road (trail). The capacity and reserves of forest litter on the sidewalks are significantly dependent on the width and direction of the trail. The narrower the trail, the larger are the forest litter reserves and on the contary, the wider the trail, the smaller is the forest litter within the sidewalk. The capacity of the forest litter on the side of the trails of the studied routes ranges from 1.3 to 4.8 cm, and its reserves have increased to 1.44-2.26 kg·m². A composition of tree species, tree layer compactness and terrain play an important role in the formation of forest litter as well. The impact of recreation load on the soil cover was also evaluated. It was established that at the initial stages (of I-II categories) of recreation digression, the forest litter becomes compacted and crushed, forming a powerful F+H sub-horizon and covering the trail surface. As the recreation load increases (III stage/category) the stock of litter in spruce-beech-fir forest in the warm season is less than 1 kg/m².

scholarly journals Modelling and analyzing the surface fire behaviour in Hyrcanian forest of Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aghajani ◽  
A. Fallah ◽  
S. Fazlollah Emadian
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Slope Wind ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to assess the forest fire behaviour and investigate the impact of different parameters on the spread of surface fire in the Hyrcanian forest of Iran. Surface fire was simulated using mathematical models in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 environment during a 30-minute time period. Several parameters that contributed to the speed of surface fire such as slope, wind velocity and litter thickness in the forest floor and various types of forest litter associated with hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica C.A.M), beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and maple (Acer velutinum L.) were investigated. The results indicated that the maximum burned area was associated with beech litter. Forest surface fire demonstrated similar behaviour for the litter types of beech and Ironwood, whereas in the case of maple and hornbeam litters, the fire spread parallelly and perpendicularly to contour lines, respectively. The burned area increased in an irregular pattern as the forest floor slope gradient was increased. Moreover, the skewed pattern of the burned area for the forest floor composed of maple, beech, ironwood andhornbeam litter was described as high, low, moderate and low, respectively. The fire spread angle in forest floor associated with maple and beech litters changed with litter thickness. Finally, litter thickness had a significant effect on the direction of fire spread and this was more prominent with hornbeam litter. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The Impact of Gold Smelter Emissions on Vegetation and Soils of a Sub-Arctic Forest-Tundra Transition Ecosystem

1978 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drake Hocking ◽  
Peter Kuchar ◽  
James A. Plambeck ◽  
Roy A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Forest Tundra ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smelter Emissions

Effects of Zinc Smelter Emissions and Fire on a Chestnut-Oak Woodland

Ecology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Oak Woodland ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
Smelter Emissions

scholarly journals Changes in the biochemical compounds of Vacciniummyrtillus, Vacciniumvitis-idaea, and forest litter collected from various forest types

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-566
Author(s):  
Vilma KAŠKONIENĖ ◽  
Kristina BIMBIRAITĖ-SURVILIENĖ ◽  
Paulius KAŠKONAS ◽  
Nicola TISO ◽  
Laima ČESONIENĖ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of forest clear-cutting on the phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and forest litter collected during the vegetation stages in 2 forests types (Pinetum vacciniosumand Pinetum vaccinio-myrtillosum). The Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum trichloride colorimetric assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test were applied to perform the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antiradical activity analyses of the extracts of the underground and aboveground parts of the plants and forest litter. The TPC content varied from 35.87 to 229.76 mg/g (expressed as rutin equivalents) and 120.03 to 309.64 mg/g in the aboveground extracts of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea, respectively. Remarkably lower amounts of phenolic compounds were determined in the underground extracts of the tested shrubs. The TPC content in the forest litter ranged from 3.12 to 11.89 mg/g. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) varied from 3.12 to 434.68 mg/g; the lowest antiradical activity was determined in the underground extracts, while the highest was in the aboveground extracts of V. myrtillus. The TFC was dependent on the vegetation phase, forest type, and clear-cutting, and varied from 7.97 to 40.18 mg/g in the aboveground extracts of the tested plants. Flavonoids were not detected in the underground extracts of the samples or in the forest litter. The chemometric analysis revealed statistically significant trends of environmental impact on V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea at the different vegetation stages. Hypotheses testing showed that the TPC, TFC and RSA expressed statistically significant (α ≤ 0.05) changes in 68%, 60% and 71% of the tested samples after clear-cutting, respectively.

scholarly journals Estimation the impact of the linear form of recreation on the properties of brown forest soils (for example NPP «Skolivski Beskydy», Ukrainian Carpathians)

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Oksana Lenevych ◽  
Oksana Maryskevych ◽  
Iryna Shpakivska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

The article analyses the impact of recreational loading on brown forest soils by physical, water-physical, agrochemical and biotic properties. It was found that the density of soil structure on the trails increased by 1.1-1.9 times and field soil moisture decreases by 1.8-1.9 times. In the initial stages of recreational degression, the humus content is recorded slightly higher compared to the control area, while on trails with a higher recreational load, on the contrary, decreases by more than 50%. Indicators of biotic activity is catalase activity of soil and biomass of soil biota. Depending on the stage of recreational regression, the indicators of biotic activity decreased by 25-60% compared with the control. As the criteria for estimating the impact of recreation activities on the soil: the width of the trail, the parallels trails, the density of the soil structure and the forest litter. Аccording to the results of field and laboratory studies: trail «Starovikovi lisy» are included in the I category and the trail «Dolynoyu richky Kamyanka» to the IV category, route «Skole-Parashka» – ІІІ category.

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