Differential Use of Some Coniferous Forest Habitats by Hoary and Silver-Haired Bats in Oregon

The Murrelet ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Perkins ◽  
Stephen P. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Habitats

Dung longevity influences the fate of endozoochorically dispersed seeds in forest ecosystems

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Jaroszewicz ◽  
Ewa Pirożnikow
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Seedling Germination ◽  
Forest Habitats

Many studies show large discrepancies between the potential (studied in the greenhouse) and realized (studied in the field) effects of endozoochory. The influence of environmental conditions on the fate of endozoochorically dispersed seeds and subsequent plant establishment is still not well understood. We addressed this issue by studying the viable seed content of the dung of European bison ( Bison bonasus L.) by means of seedling germination in the greenhouse and in two forest habitats in Białowieża Primeval Forest. The number of seedlings and the number of plant species that emerged from 1 L of feces were positively correlated with dung longevity. Generative shoots were produced by plants only in coniferous forest. Their number was positively correlated with dung longevity and with light availability. Germination of seeds from bison feces was higher in coniferous forest than in deciduous forest but did not differ between open- and closed-canopy plots within the same habitat. We conclude that (i) seed germination and plant establishment after endozoochorous dispersal is influenced by dung longevity; (ii) the number of generative shoots produced by endozoochorously dispersed plants is influenced by dung longevity and light availability; (iii) seeds of some plant species, present in dung, stay viable for at least 3 years.

Further studies on the chipmunk warble, Cuterebra emasculator (Diptera: Cuterebridae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Forest Habitats

The prevalence of Cuterebra emasculator Fitch in 1328 chipmunks (Tamias striatus) was analyzed as to the sex and age class of the host and to the forest habitats from which the chipmunks were obtained. The prevalence of the parasite was highest in immature animals of both sexes and lowest in adult females. Prevalence of C. emasculator was highest in chipmunks from second-growth mixed forests; such animals also carried more parasites per animal. Chipmunks from mature coniferous forests harbored the fewest parasites per individual and the prevalence was the lowest. The parasite density was extremely low, averaging one fly per 2.8 acres in mature coniferous forest and one fly per 0.7 acres in the second-growth forest habitat.

scholarly journals Spatial Diversification of Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes) Assemblages in Forest Communities of the Suchedniów-Oblęgorek Landscape Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bąk-Badowska
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract The aim of the study, carried out from April to October in 2004 and 2005, was to characterise bee (Apiformes) assemblages in the phytosociologically diversified forest communities of the Suchedniów-Oblęgorek Landscape Park. Moericke colour traps were used to capture the bees. The five study sites yielded 76 bee species. There was a predominance of representatives from the families Apidae (28 species, 900 individuals) and Andrenidae (20 species, 222 individuals). The indices of species diversity (H’) and evenness (J’) reached their highest values in a mixed coniferous forest (BM) site, and reached their lowest values in a fi r forest (BJ) site. Qualitative and quantitative similarity of assemblage structure was highest in assemblages in mixed coniferous forest, mesic coniferous forest, and oak-hornbeam forest habitats, decreasing in floristically poor habitats not favourable to nesting, i.e. fi r forest and riparian forest. Traps placed on the forest floor in ground cover contained more individuals and species of bees, with 1192 individuals (88.8%) and 76 species, than in the canopy layer, with 150 individuals (11.2%) and 23 species. This trend was consistent across all the habitats in the Landscape Park.

scholarly journals Month-to-Month Variations in Densities and Dominance of Birds Breeding in an Extensive Pine Forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Central European ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract Month-to-month changes in avian assembages are considerable in forest habitats. In this study such changes were studied by means of the line transect method (eight transect with total length of 77.7 km) in lowland coniferous forest in SW Poland (dominant forest type in Central European Plain), in three consecutive spring months: April, May and June. Shannon’s diversity index varied between 1.31 and 2.25 in particular month, while Simpson’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index were almost identical everywhere: H′ = 0.92-0.93 and J′ = 0.74-0.78, respectively. In overall, the differences in mean densities of breeding species between three months on all transects pooled were not statistically significant, as were also not statistically significant such differences on particular transects. Month-to-month variations in densities in all transects pooled were statistically significant in the case of 26 out of 54 species (48.1 %). Month-to-month changes in population densities recorded on transects, only partly conform to the arrival patterns. Two counts, instead of three, would sufficed for precise estimation of bird population densities in Central European lowland pine forests: one count should be conducted in April, to register mainly resident species, and the second one in May to count mainly the migrant species.

scholarly journals The influence of initial spacing on growth and survival of Scots pine in 40 years period of cultivation in varied habitat conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gil
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the effect of initial spacing on the survival and growth of pine trees in dry coniferous and fresh coniferous forest habitats after nearly 40 years from the establishment of plantation. The study presents an analysis of seven spacing variants in square, rectangular and triangular spacing patterns with the initial density ranging from 6 944 seedlings/ha to 15 625 seedlings/ha. The studies were conducted on two study sites. No tending treatments (selective thinning) were performed in the examined stands throughout the growing season. It was shown that habitat conditions had a significant effect on the survival, diameter and height growth of trees in pine stands. In the less productive forest habitat, where the competition of trees is smaller, the survival was 1.5 to 2-fold higher compared to the more productive habitat. Pine trees growing in the fresh coniferous forest had substantially larger diameters at breast height (dbh) compared to the dry coniferous forest. The spacing effect depended on the habitat conditions. This influence was stronger in the less productive habitat compared to the more productive forest habitat which was reflected in the greater differences in the discussed parameters. The average dbh value of all trees on the Płock site increased with the increase of tree growing space (i.e. lower initial planting density) and ranged from 8.24 cm in variant A (15 625 seedlings/ha) to 9.79 cm in variant C (6 944 seedlings/ha). On the Łąck site, the trees growing at a low density (variants C and E) had significantly larger diameters compared to the trees growing at a density from 10 000 plants/ha to 15 625 plants/ha (spacing variants A, B, F, G). The studies also showed a significant effect of the habitat conditions and initial spacing on the diameter of pine trees in biosocial class I. Triangular spacing in the fresh coniferous forest was found to have more positive effect on tree diameter growth. It is consistent with the findings of other authors that trees planted in triangular spacing make better use of space which is positively reflected in their growth. The results obtained from the research allow to formulate the conclusion that habitat conditions have a significant effect on the survival, diameter and height growth of trees in pine stands. The research also showed a significant effect of initial spacing on the diameter at breast height of pines at the end of age class II. No dependence was found of the initial planting density on the height growth rate of trees. In both forest habitats under consideration, trees planted at a density of approximately 11.5 thousand plants per hectare were the highest. The triangular initial spacing pattern had a positive effect on this characteristic.

scholarly journals Evaluating the suitability of machinery use during skidding of wood in pine stands

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szewczyk ◽  
Piotr Iwanicki
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Forest Habitats

AbstractSkidding of large-sized logs requires special machinery such as skidders, clambunks, forwarders or farm tractors with a winch or hydraulic tongs. The precise choice of which skidding machine to use depends largely on the desired efficiency and economic factors. The aim of this research was to evaluate the suitability of three different machines (LKT 81 skidder, John Deere 1110D forwarder and Pronar 1221A agricultural tractor with hydraulic tongs) for wood skidding based on technical and economic indicators. The practical work for this research was carried out in the Mirosławiec Forest Division in areas with fresh mixed coniferous forest habitats where the dominant species in the stands was pine and strip-like clear cutting was the preferred management practice.The best machinery performance values were obtained for skidding using the John Deere forwarder.

Substrate preference of eastern red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus: A comparison of deciduous and coniferous substrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rettig ◽  
Kyle Renaldo ◽  
Geoffrey Smith ◽  
Brandon Helleman ◽  
Ja-Nell Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Plethodon Cinereus ◽  
Substrate Preference ◽  
Litter Type ◽  
Substrate Choice ◽  
Tree Composition ◽  
Forest Habitats

AbstractForest tree composition can affect the distribution and abundance of terrestrial salamanders. We examined the effect of leaf litter type (deciduous or coniferous) and soil type (deciduous and coniferous) on red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) substrate choice using a series of laboratory experiments. Salamanders preferred deciduous leaves over coniferous pine needles and the deciduous soil/deciduous leaf litter combination over all others. In addition, our results suggest that leaf litter type may be more important than soil type in influencing salamander substrate preference in our study. Our results suggest that behavioural avoidance may partially explain differences in P. cinereus abundances in deciduous and coniferous forest habitats.

Ecological Characteristics of Sub-Alpine Coniferous Forest on Banyabong in Mt. Jiri

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Gi Cho ◽  
Jae-Min Chung ◽  
Hyo-In Im ◽  
Il Noh ◽  
Tae-Woon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Ecological Characteristics

Dynamic and seasonal fluctuations of microarthropod complex in coniferous forest soil

Ekologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Eitminavičiūtė ◽  
Audronė Matusevičiūtė ◽  
Algirdas Augustaitis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations

ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM INSTANT DISCHARGE OF VARIOUS FREQUENCY AT UNGAUGED MOUNTAINOUS RIVER KHEMCHIK (TUVA REPUBLIC) BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Makarieva ◽  
N. V. Nesterova ◽  
G. P. Yampolsky ◽  
E. Y. Kudymova
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Frequency Interval ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Runoff Formation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Standard Methodology ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Daily Time Step

Abstract: the article presents the results of application of distributed deterministic hydrological model Hydrograph for estimation of maximum discharge values of different frequency at the ungauged catchment of the Khemchik River (Khemchik village, Tuva Republic). The catchment area is 1750 km2 , the average and maximum elevation — 2200 and 3600 m, respectively. Due to the lack of detailed information, a schematization of the catchment and the parameterization of the model are proposed, based on general ideas about the water balance and the processes of runoff formation of the main landscapes — rocky talus, coniferous forest and steppe. Parameters and algorithms are verified based on the results of streamflow modeling at two studied catchments: the Tapsy River — Kara-Khol (302 km2 ) and the Khemchik River — Iyme (25500 km2 ). Modelling of runoff formation processes with daily time step for the Khemchik River — Khemchik village was conducted for the period 1966–2012 using observational data at Teeli meteorological station. For the transition from daily to instant discharges, the dependence of the observed values of instant and daily streamflow at the studied gauges has been applied. On the basis of simulated discharge series, the frequency curve was built and the obtained curve was compared with the calculation data according to the standard methodology SP 33-101-2003 “Determination of the main calculated hydrological characteristics” using the analogue river. Simulated maximum instant discharges for entire frequency interval of up to 1% are 1.3–5 times higher than the values obtained by standard methodology SP 33-101-2003. The results of model calculations is indirectly confirmed by the evidences of regular flooding of the Khemchik village provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Tuva Republic, which is not predicted by the values obtained by the standard methods.

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