Family Structure as a Predictor of Initial Substance Use and Sexual Intercourse in Early Adolescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Flewelling ◽  
Karl E. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Initial Substance

scholarly journals Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1907-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Baker ◽  
H. H. Maes ◽  
H. Larsson ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Substance Consumption

BackgroundGenetic and environmental factors are important in the etiology of substance use. However, little is known about the stability of these factors across development. We aimed to answer three crucial questions about this etiology that have never been addressed in a single study: (1) Is there a general vulnerability to substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood? (2) If so, do the genetic and environmental influences on this vulnerability change across development? (3) Do these developmental processes differ in males and females?MethodSubjects included 1480 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development who have been followed since 1994. Prospective, self-reported regular smoking, alcohol intoxication and illicit drug use were assessed at ages 13–14, 16–17 and 19–20 years. Structural modeling was performed with the program Mx.ResultsAn underlying common factor accounted for the association between smoking, alcohol and illicit drug consumption for the three age groups. Common genetic and shared environmental effects showed substantial continuity. In general, as participants aged, the influence of the shared environment decreased, and genetic effects became more substance specific in their effect.ConclusionsThe current report answers three important questions in the etiology of substance use. The genetic and environmental risk for substance consumption is partly mediated through a common factor and is partly substance specific. Developmentally, evidence was strongest for stability of common genetic effects, with less evidence for genetic innovation. These processes seem to be the same in males and females.

scholarly journals Sexual behavior among Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 116-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽  
Marília Lavocart Nunes ◽  
Fátima de Carvalho Madeira ◽  
Maria Goreth Santos ◽  
Silvia Reise Bregmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
School Based

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the sexual behavior among students who participated in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2012 and investigates whether social inequalities, the use of psychoactive substances and the dissemination of information on sexual and reproductive health in school are associated with differences in behavior. METHODOLOGY: The response variable was the sexual behavior described in three categories (never had sexual intercourse, had protected sexual intercourse, had unprotected sexual intercourse). The explanatory variables were grouped into socio- demographic characteristics, substance use and information on sexual and reproductive health in school. Variables associated with the conduct and unprotected sex were identified through multinomial logistic regression, using "never had sexual intercourse" as a reference. RESULTS: Over nearly a quarter of the adolescents have had sexual intercourse in life, being more frequent among boys. About 25% did not use a condom in the last intercourse. Low maternal education and work increased the chance of risky sexual behavior. Any chance of protected and unprotected sex increased with the number of psychoactive substances used. Among those who don't receive guidance on the prevention of pregnancy in school, the chance to have sexual intercourse increased, with the largest magnitude for unprotected sex (OR = 1.41 and OR = 1.87 ). CONCLUSION: The information on preventing pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated before the 9th grade. Social inequalities negatively affect risky sexual behavior. Substance use is strongly associated with unprotected sex. Information on the prevention of pregnancy and STD/AIDS need to be disseminated early.

scholarly journals How adolescent health influences education and employment: investigating longitudinal associations and mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R Hale ◽  
Russell M Viner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Education And Employment

BackgroundEducation is recognised as a strong determinant of health. Yet there is increasing concern that health in adolescence may also influence educational attainments and future life chances. We examined associations between health in early adolescence and subsequent academic and employment outcomes, exploring potential mediators of these relationships to inform intervention strategies.MethodsWe used data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England. Adolescent health was measured at waves 1 and 2. Outcomes included educational attainment at age 16 years and being NEET (not in education, employment or training) at age 19 years. Associations were adjusted for ethnicity, area-level deprivation and early adolescent academic attainment. Where significant associations were identified, we examined the role of hypothesised mediators including attendance and truancy, classroom behaviour, substance use and psychological distress.ResultsHealth conditions in early adolescence predicted poor subsequent education and employment outcomes (ORs ranged from 1.25 to 1.72) with the exception of long-term chronic conditions and NEET status, which were unassociated. The most consistent mediating variable was social exclusion. School behaviour, truancy and substance use were significant mediators for mental health. Long-term absences mediated associations between mental health and physical health and later outcomes.ConclusionsHealth is a key component of academic and vocational achievement. Investment in health is a way of improving life chances. The identification of key mediators such as social exclusion and truancy indicate areas where screening for health conditions and provision of targeted support could improve educational, employment and health outcomes.

scholarly journals What should parents do to emphasise their disapproval of adolescents’ substance use?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bacikova-Sleskova ◽  
L Hricová ◽  
O Kalina ◽  
J Benka
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Dependent Variables

Abstract Background Previous research has shown that one of the strongest predictor of smoking and alcohol consumption in early adolescence is perceived parental approval of such behaviour. The aim of the present study is to explore which parenting practices predict the probability of perceiving parental disapproval of smoking and alcohol consumption in adolescence. Methods A representative sample of 1133 early adolescents (mean age = 12.9, SD 0.77) filled in questionnaires including sociodemographic characteristics (3 items), perceived parental risk behaviour (alcohol consumption at least once a week, drunkenness once a month and daily smoking); substance specific conversations with parents (1 item); both emotional and controlling aspects of parenting (6 items), and perceived parental disapproval of adolescents’ smoking and alcohol consumption as dependent variables. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results The most important predictor of perceived parental disapproval of alcohol use was behavioural control (setting rules) (OR 2.34), followed by parental non-drinking (OR 1.81) and alcohol specific communication (OR 1.28). Regarding smoking disapproval, the significant predictors were parental non-smoking (OR 1.92); behavioural control (OR 1.79); time spent with a child (OR 1.44) and lower psychological control (guild induction, pressuring, manipulation) (OR 0.69). Conclusions Decreasing adolescents’ substance use via increasing their perceived parental disapproval of such behaviour seems to be substance specific. The most salient strategy both for smoking and drinking seems to be the use of behavioural control characterized by clear rules setting and lack of parental own substance use. Key messages Decreasing adolescents’ substance use via increasing their perceived parental disapproval of such behaviour seems to be substance specific. The most salient strategy to increase perceived parental disapproval of smoking and alcohol consumption seems to be the use of behavioural control characterized by clear rules setting.

Substance use trajectories from early adolescence through the college years

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. e262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Derefinko ◽  
Richard J. Charnigo ◽  
Richard Milich ◽  
Donald R. Lynam
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Adolescence

scholarly journals Adolescence effortful control as a mediator between family ecology and problematic substance use in early adulthood: A 16-year prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1355-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Jung Mun ◽  
Thomas J. Dishion ◽  
Jenn-Yun Tein ◽  
Roy Otten
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Problematic Substance

AbstractThis study examined the mediated effect of early adolescence familial context on early adulthood problematic substance use through effortful control in late adolescence. The sample consisted of a community sample of 311 adolescents and their families comprising the control group within a randomized trial intervention. Parental monitoring and parent–child relationship quality (P-C RQ) were measured annually from ages 11 to 13. Effortful control was measured by self-reports and parent and teacher reports at ages 16 to 17. Self-reports of problematic tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were measured at ages 18 to 19, 21 to 22, 23 to 24, and 26 to 27. Structural equation modeling was employed to test hypothesized models. Only P-C RQ was found to be significantly associated with adolescent effortful control. As expected, higher levels of adolescent effortful control were associated with lower problematic substance use through early adulthood, controlling for previous substance use levels. Mediation analyses showed that effortful control significantly mediated the relationship between P-C RQ and problematic substance use. Higher relationship quality between youth and parents in early adolescence is associated with higher effortful control, which in turn relates to a lower level of problematic substance use in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Family structure, parent-child conversation time and substance use among Chinese adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok-Kei Mak ◽  
Sai-Yin Ho ◽  
G Neil Thomas ◽  
C Mary Schooling ◽  
Sarah M McGhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Structure Parent ◽  
Parent Child
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