Reference Group Support for Voluntary Childlessness: Evidence for Conformity

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Houseknecht
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Group Support ◽  
Voluntary Childlessness

scholarly journals Factores motivacionales en empleados de PYMES del sector IT. / Motivacional factors in employees in SMES in the IT sector.

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Jorge Jaimez ◽  
Sergio Gabriel Martínez ◽  
Ximena Trejo ◽  
Victoria Córdoba ◽  
Victoria Córdoba
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Group Support ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Motivation Level ◽  
Commitment Level

La motivación de las personas en las organizaciones es un elemento crítico para que éstas consigan sus objetivos y sus integrantes estén satisfechos. Esta investigación fue realizada en empresas del sector IT con el fin de determinar los factores que hacen que los empleados estén motivados y a partir de ello poder gestionar el aumento de la misma. Se comprobó que existe una alta correlación entre la motivación de las personas y la autonomía que poseen, la competencia para realizar correctamente sus tareas y el respaldo del grupo de referencia. También pudo verificarse el vínculo entre la motivación laboral y la permanencia en la organización. Mientras más motivadas las personas están, más tiempo se quedan. En esta investigación pudo comprobarse que la variable autonomía es clave. Más allá que los otros factores estén presentes, si ésta es baja, la motivación cae. Con respecto a la relación entre compromiso y motivación, cabe destacar que mientras más alta es esta última, mayor es la primera. Por último, se ha comprobado que los factores detectados son condiciones necesarias pero no suficientes para la motivación ya que esos factores por sí solos no garantizan la motivación, sino que necesitan además que las necesidades básicas estén satisfechas. ABSTRACT: People´s motivation in organizations is critical for them to achieve organizational goals and to keep members satisfied. This research was conducted in IT companies in order to determine the factors that make employees maintain theirs motivation and thus, manage and increase it. The study shows a high correlation between people motivation and autonomy, the competency required to carry out different kind of tasks and reference group support. Also, this investigation proves the link between motivation at work and the employees’ continuity at the organization. The more motivated people are, the longer is the period they stay at the same organization. The research helped to validate that autonomy is essential. Beyond others elements are present, if autonomy has a low grade, motivation will be low, too. According to commitment and motivation correlation, is important to emphasize that the higher motivation level is, the higher commitment level people get. Finally, it has been proved that the identified factors are necessary requirements but not sufficient, because these elements along do not guarantee motivation existence, it is necessary that basic needs are fulfilled.

Timing of the Decision To Remain Voluntarily Childless: Evidence for Continuous Socialization

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Houseknecht
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Voluntarily Childless ◽  
Voluntary Childlessness ◽  
Childless Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types

This study contrasts different types of voluntary childlessness. Women who decided to remain childless relatively early in life, before marriage ( early articulators) were compared with women who did not decide until after they had married and developed a preferred life style that did not include children ( postponers). The comparison centered on a previously formulated model that explained the decision to remain childless in terms of family background factors, autonomy and achievement orientation in adulthood, and reference group support. The major difference disclosed by this research was with respect to family background factors. In addition to the early versus later decision to remain childless, socialization patterns in the family of orientation differentiate the two types of voluntarily childless women.

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