scholarly journals Symptoms and Population Dynamics of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canary Island Date Palms

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian G. B. Hunsberger ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
Thomas J. Weissling
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Rhynchophorus Cruentatus

scholarly journals The contribution of the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis) to the winter diet of frugivores in novel ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk HR Spennemann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Phoenix Canariensis ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Native Foods

Abstract With the increasing expansion in urban areas, many species have adapted to utilising horticulturally used plants as alternate or augmentary food sources, in particular, during winter – when native foods are largely absent. Ornamental palms, particularly Canary Island Date Palms, fruit continuously during most of the year and thus provide a stable food supply. Based on observational, metric and bio-chemical data, this paper examines the role Canary Island Date Palms can and do play in the nutrition of frugivorous animals, in particular, for birds. It demonstrates that with its nearly year-round provisioning of drupes, the palm plays a major role as a ‘staple’ and backup food source for several species.

Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Lethal Bronzing Associated with Phytoplasma Subgroup 16SrIV-D on Palms in Southern Louisiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
Mary Helen Ferguson ◽  
Raghuwinder Singh ◽  
Madeline Cook ◽  
Timothy Burks ◽  
Kevin Ong
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Phoenix Canariensis ◽  
Sabal Palmetto ◽  
City Park

Lethal bronzing (LB), also previously known as date palm lethal decline or Texas Phoenix palm decline, associated with phytoplasma subgroup 16SrIV-D, was first identified in Louisiana in December 2013. A survey of palms showed that the disease was not only confined to City Park in New Orleans, where it was first detected, but is present in other parts of Orleans Parish, as well as two adjacent parishes. Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) tested positive at the highest frequency, and some edible date palms (P. dactylifera) and a small proportion of cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto) tested positive as well. Symptoms do not appear to be a reliable indicator of LB, because a substantial proportion of palms indicated as symptomatic tested negative. Furthermore, not all infected palms showed symptoms. Since the palm survey conducted in 2015 to 2016, LB has positively been identified from silver date palm (P. sylvestris) and Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) in three additional parishes in Louisiana.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium Wilt of Canary Island Date Palm Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. canariensis in Louisiana

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1192-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
A. Castro ◽  
D. M. Ferrin ◽  
R. S. Harris ◽  
B. Olson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vascular Discoloration

Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis Hort. Ex Chabaud) is a signature palm planted in New Orleans, LA. Currently, the city has approximately 1,000 mature Canary Island date palms. During the fall of 2009, 153 palms were inspected with 27 palms exhibiting typical symptoms of Fusarium wilt. Symptoms included one-sided death and a reddish brown streak on the rachis of affected fronds and death of the leaflets. Longitudinal sections of affected fronds showed vascular discoloration. Severely infected palms were completely dead. Small pieces of diseased tissue from five palms were surface sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (0.6%) for 2 to 3 min, then rinsed in sterile distilled water, blotted dry, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungal colonies on PDA produced a purple pigment, and both macro- and microconidia that are typical of Fusarium oxysporum were observed under a light microscope. A single-spore culture of isolate PDC-4701 was obtained. DNA from this isolate was extracted with a DNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) and primers ef1 and ef2 were used to amplify and sequence the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (2). NCBI BLAST analysis of the 616-bp sequence resulted in 100% identity with F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis isolates PLM-385B from Texas and PLM-511A from South Carolina (GenBank Accession Nos. HM 591538 and HM 591537, respectively). Isolate PDC-4701, grown on PDA for 2 weeks, was used to inoculate 10 9-month-old P. canariensis seedlings. An 18-gauge needle was used to inject 15 ml of a 107 conidia/ml suspension into the stem near the soil line. Each seedling was inoculated at two locations and covered with Parafilm at the inoculation sites. Ten control seedlings were injected with sterile distilled water in the same manner. Inoculated and control seedlings were maintained in a greenhouse at 28 ± 2°C. Leaves of all 10 inoculated seedlings started to wilt 3 months after inoculation. Internal vascular discoloration was observed and the pathogen was reisolated from the symptomatic seedlings. No symptoms developed on any of the 10 control seedlings. On the basis of morphology and DNA sequence data, this pathogen is identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis. Fusarium wilt of Canary Island date palm has been previously reported from California, Florida, Nevada, Texas, and South Carolina (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium wilt of Canary Island date palm caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis in Louisiana, extending its geographic range. The disease may adversely affect the tradition of planting Canary Island date palms in New Orleans. The sequence of isolate PDC-4701 has been submitted to the NCBI database (GenBank Accession No. JF826442) and a culture specimen has been deposited in the Fusarium Research Center culture collection (Accession No. O-2602) at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. References: (1) M. L. Elliott et al. Plant Dis. 95:356, 2011. (2) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004.

Consumption of Canary Island Date Palm Phoenix canariensis drupes by Pied Currawongs Strepera graculina

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Dirk Spennemann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Island ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Phoenix Canariensis ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Ornamental Trees

In Australia, Canary Island Date Palms Phoenix canariensis are ubiquitous, widely planted as ornamental trees in private gardens and along streets and seaside promenades. Seeding freely, a single female palm can produce up to 30,000 fleshy drupes annually. Pied Currawongs Strepera graculina, which can swallow several drupes whole in a single feeding event, present as a major vector in the plant’s dispersal. Based on observations of feeding behaviour as well as an examination of resulting regurgitated pellets, this paper discusses critical factors that influence the performance of Pied Currawongs as a vector of palms. Pied Currawongs exhibit drupe selection preferences, which seem related to a drupe’s ripeness and nutritional value, and a feeding behaviour that consists of short bouts of consumption, followed by longer periods of digestion at nearby perches. As increased ripening of the fruit correlates with an increased maturation of the seed, resulting in a higher germination rate, and as repeated use of nearby perches increases the density of regurgitated seeds, such behaviour has implications on the effectiveness of Pied Currawongs as dispersers of Canary Island Date Palms.

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot and Blight Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Pygmy Date Palm in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1398-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Polizzi ◽  
A. Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
First Report ◽  
Koch's Postulates

Pygmy date palm (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien), native to Laos and southeast Asia, is one of the most commonly cultivated date palms both indoors and out. In early April 2003, a new and widespread leaf disease was detected on 2- to 3-feet high, potted, pygmy date palms growing in open fields or shade-houses in four commercial nurseries of the eastern Sicily Region of southern Italy. Initial symptoms on infected plants were small, chlorotic spots on blades and edges of leaflets. As spots enlarged, yellow or reddish-brown margins and brown or gray, wrinkled, sunken centers developed. Sometimes, spots or lesions coalesced to cause blight of young expanding leaves or death of apical buds. Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr was recovered consistently from sections of infected tissues (disinfected for 1 min in 1% NaOCl and rinsed in sterile water) plated on malt extract agar. On potato dextrose agar (PDA), colonies of B. cinerea were first hyaline, then turned white, and later turned dark gray when spores differentiated. Six- to eight-day-old-cultures developed white sclerotia that turned black after three more days. Conidia in 1-month-old-cultures were hyaline or gray, ovoid, and ranged from 5.2 to 8.8 × 8 to 14 μm (average 6.6 × 9.9 μm). Black microsclerotia were round or irregular in shape and ranged from 0.6 to 2.8 × 0.3 to 2.5 mm (average 1.66 × 0.98 mm) (1). Koch's postulates were performed by spraying potted, 9-month-old pygmy date palms (2 feet high) with a spore suspension (1 × 106 CFU per ml from 15-day-old cultures grown on PDA). Six plants were wounded and inoculated, while six plants were inoculated without wounding. An equal number of noninoculated plants sprayed with sterile water served as controls. All plants were maintained in a humid environment at 20°C. Sunken-leaf and rachis lesions were observed on all wounded and most nonwounded plants within 10 to 14 days after inoculation. Symptoms did not develop on the control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of the fungus from affected tissues. A field survey revealed the occasional presence of similar leaf spots on canary island date palms (Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud), from which B. cinerea was consistently recovered. The unusually cool and humid weather conditions recorded in Sicily during this disease outbreak were very conducive for occurrence of the B. cinerea infections. Although the disease only occasionally caused death of plants, evidence indicated that B. cinerea reduced commercial value of infected pygmy date palms. B. cinerea was previously recorded in northern Italy on canary island date palm (2) and was recently detected in southern Italy on majesty palm (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot and rachis blight caused by B. cinerea on pygmy date palm. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1971. (2) A. Garibaldi and S. Rapetti. No. 9 Suppl. Flortecnica, 1987. (3) G. Polizzi. Plant Dis. 86:815, 2002.

scholarly journals The Role of Canary Island Date Palms in Physical Amenity Provisioning for Urban Landscape Settings

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Dirk H. R. Spennemann
Keyword(s):  
Canary Island ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Amenity Values ◽  
Humidity Measurements ◽  
Warm Temperate

Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) have been planted as a landscaping feature plant throughout warm, temperate, and subtropical climates. The physical amenity provisioning of this species (shade effects, microclimate amelioration, water usage, etc.) has so far not been systematically assessed. This paper reports on temperature and humidity measurements in both a suburban and a rural location in SE Australia. The study demonstrates the effects of the palm canopy as regulator of humidity and provider of shade and, thus, amenity values in urban landscape settings. Drawing on published energy savings and growth requirements of the plant, the paper argues that Canary Island date palms are landscaping plants suitable to ameliorate the microclimate in urban neighborhoods with varied socio-economic conditions.

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