Reproduction in Caribbean Fruit Flies: Comparisons between a Laboratory Strain and a Wild Strain

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mazomenos ◽  
J. L. Nation ◽  
W. J. Coleman ◽  
K. C. Dennis ◽  
R. Esponda
Keyword(s):  
Wild Strain ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Fruit Flies

THE RESPONSE OF TWO STRAINS OF HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO A CONSTANT AND AN ALTERNATING TEMPERATURE REGIME

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Robinson ◽  
G. Zurlini
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Weighted Mean Temperature ◽  
Alternating Temperature

AbstractThe effect of an alternating and a constant temperature regime on some aspects of the biology of two strains of Hylemya antiqua were studied. One strain was a laboratory strain, the other a newly colonized wild strain. Several population statistics were assessed and life tables constructed. Significant differences between the strains were recorded.The laboratory strain mated significantly better under both environments than the wild strain, it also oviposited earlier and lived longer. No difference between the strains was recorded for either total egg production or oviposition rate. The wild strain larvae survived significantly better than the laboratory strain larvae and produced larger pupae. As the weighted mean temperature of the alternating regime was 16.6°C compared with the constant regime of 23°C many temperature dependent processes were retarded. Nevertheless as the alternating temperature increased larval survival and increased pupal size, this temperature regime has now been adopted for the routine laboratory rearing of H. antiqua larvae. The net reproductive rate, R0, and the intrinsic rate of increase, r, were calculated for both strains in both environments. The wild flies had the highest R0 at the alternating temperature and the lowest at the constant temperature. This trend was completely reversed when r was calculated as this statistic takes into account generation time, which was much shorter in the constant temperature.The results were discussed in the framework of the quality of the laboratory stock in relation to its use in a genetic control programme.

scholarly journals A nematode-specific gene underlies bleomycin-response variation in Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon C. Brady ◽  
Stefan Zdraljevic ◽  
Karol W. Bisaga ◽  
Robyn E. Tanny ◽  
Daniel E. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Response Variation

ABSTRACTBleomycin is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug used to treat a variety of cancers. However, individual patients vary in their responses to bleomycin. The identification of genetic differences that underlie this response variation could improve treatment outcomes by tailoring bleomycin dosages to each patient. We used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to identify genetic determinants of bleomycin-response differences by performing linkage mapping on recombinants derived from a cross between the laboratory strain (N2) and a wild strain (CB4856). This approach identified a small genomic region on chromosome V that underlies bleomycin-response variation. Using near-isogenic lines and strains with CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletions and allele replacements, we discovered that a novel nematode-specific gene (scb-1) is required for bleomycin resistance. Although the mechanism by which this gene causes variation in bleomycin responses is unknown, we suggest that a rare variant present in the CB4856 strain might cause differences in the potential stress-response function of scb-1 between the N2 and CB4856 strains, thereby leading to differences in bleomycin resistance.

DIFFERENCE IN RADIOSENSITIVITY OF TWO COLONIES OF TOBACCO BUDWORMS, HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Proshold ◽  
J. A. Bartell
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractSterility induced by gamma irradiation of the adult male tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was studied in two colonies, one was reared in the laboratory for more than 60 generations (laboratory strain) and the other reared for fewer than 9 generations (wild strain). When irradiated males were crossed with untreated females, the percentage egg hatch for each dose was lower with the laboratory than with the wild strain. When laboratory and wild females were crossed reciprocally with irradiated males, the fertilities were similar to those of the laboratory and wild strains, respectively. When irradiated males were crossed with female progeny from reciprocal crosses, the percentage egg hatch was similar to that of the wild strain.Wild strain females were nearly monogamous for the first several generations, but F0 females mated nearly as frequently as females of the laboratory strain.

Relative Attractiveness of Oranges and Grapefruits to Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a Wind Tunnel

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Robacker ◽  
Ivich Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Relative Attractiveness

Grapefruits and sweet oranges were equally attractive to, and elicited comparable oviposition behavior from, naïve laboratory-strain female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in wind-tunnel experiments. Neither fruit attracted nor elicited oviposition behavior from naïve wild females. For laboratory females, experience with either grapefruits or oranges enhanced attraction to both fruits and enhanced attraction to the experienced fruit more so than to the other, but did not affect oviposition propensity. For wild females, experience with either fruit enhanced attraction to both fruits, enhanced attraction to the experienced fruit more so than to the other, and increased oviposition propensity on both fruits. Also, wild females experienced with grapefruits oviposited more readily in grapefruits than did those experienced with oranges. Both laboratory and wild females experienced with either fruit directed less oviposition behavior toward wind-tunnel walls than did naïve females. Laboratory males were attracted to both fruits, but wild males were attracted to neither. Overall, experience with fruit had smaller effects on responses of males compared with effects on females.

scholarly journals Genes Involved in Formation of Structured Multicellular Communities by Bacillus subtilis

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (12) ◽  
pp. 3970-3979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Branda ◽  
José Eduardo González-Pastor ◽  
Etienne Dervyn ◽  
S. Dusko Ehrlich ◽  
Richard Losick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Signal Peptidase ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Six Genes

ABSTRACT The spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis is capable of assembling multicellular communities (biofilms) that display a high degree of spatiotemporal organization. Wild strains that have not undergone domestication in the laboratory produce particularly robust biofilms with complex architectural features, such as fruiting-body-like aerial projections whose tips serve as preferential sites for sporulation. To discover genes involved in this multicellular behavior and to do so on a genome-wide basis, we took advantage of a large collection of mutants which have disruptions of most of the uncharacterized genes in the B. subtilis genome. This collection, which was generated with a laboratory strain, was screened for mutants that were impaired in biofilm formation. This subset of mutated genes was then introduced into the wild strain NCIB 3610 to study their effects on biofilm formation in liquid and solid media. In this way we identified six genes that are involved in the development of multicellular communities. These are yhxB (encoding a putative phosphohexomutase that may mediate exopolysaccharide synthesis), sipW (encoding a signal peptidase), ecsB (encoding an ABC transporter subunit), yqeK (encoding a putative phosphatase), ylbF (encoding a regulatory protein), and ymcA (a gene of unknown function). Further analysis revealed that these six genes play different roles in B. subtilis community development.

scholarly journals Host specificity of and cross-immunity between two strains of Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Quinnell ◽  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
A. E. Keymer
Keyword(s):  
Wild Strain ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius

The infectivity of wild and laboratory strains of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius) in laboratory mice and in three species of wild British rodent was compared. Wild strains, of the subspecies H. p. polygyrus, were isolated from wild caught Apodemus sylvaticus. Only very low-level infections of the wild strains became established in laboratory mice. Similar worm burdens of the laboratory strain became established in laboratory mice and A. sylvaticus, although infections in A. sylvaticus were more short lived. Cortisone treatment of hosts increased the establishment and survival of the heterologous worm strain to that of the homologous strain. In contrast, neither strain of parasite established in Clethrionomys glareolus or Microtus agrestis, and cortisone treatment of C. glareolus did not increase establishment. Infection of laboratory mice with the wild-strain parasite induced significant immunity to a challenge infection with the laboratory strain.

The basis of decreased recombination in certain outcrosses of Neurospora crassa

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Perkins ◽  
Maja Bojko
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Group I ◽  
Marked Chromosome ◽  
Inbred Laboratory Strain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chromosome Segments

Crossing over in a multiply marked segment of linkage group I was conspicuously reduced in outcrosses between a marked laboratory strain and each of six unrelated wild-collected strains, compared with crosses between inbred laboratory strains. The marked chromosome segment was transferred intact from the inbred strain to one of the wild-collected strains by seven recurrent backcrosses, and conversely, the corresponding segment of the wild strain was transferred to the inbred background by backcrossing to the multiply marked laboratory strain. Recombination was then monitored in crosses from parents having the marked and unmarked chromosome segments from the same or from unrelated sources. Meiotic crossing-over in the marked segment remained low in crosses between parents that were dissimilar with respect to genetic background, but crossing over was restored to a high level when the genetic background of both parents was that of the inbred laboratory strain, regardless of the source of the marked segments. Reduced recombination in outcrosses was therefore not due to heterologies in the marked segment but must be attributed to modifiers that are unlinked or distant from the monitored region.Key words: recombination, recombination control, crossing over, Neurospora.

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