Evidence for a Thermally Transduced, Scanning IR Detection System in the Mite Laelaps echidnina

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
William A. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Ir Detection

Bioinspired infrared detection using thermoresponsive hydrogel nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Qingchen Shen ◽  
Jiaqing He ◽  
Hao Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Material System ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Hydrogel Nanoparticles ◽  
Ir Detection

AbstractThe development of high performance uncooled infrared (IR) detection and imaging systems will greatly expand the application of IR technology in broad areas such as transportation, environmental monitoring, and medical care. Inspired by the superior IR detection capability of beetle Melanophila acuminata, we explored the potential use of hydrogel nanoparticles (NPs) in uncooled IR detection system. In the system, the absorption of the incoming IR radiation by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel NPs, together with water, induces the volume change of the hydrogel NPs, similar to the volume change of the biofluid inside the sensillae receptors in M. acuminata caused by the IR radiation. This volume change results in the change of optical readout (transmittance in this study) in visible range and provides the sensitive detection of the IR radiation. In this work, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (poly(NIPAM-co-AAc)) copolymer NPs with different sizes were synthesized and their IR sensing performances were studied in detail. The correlation between the NP size and concentration and the IR sensing property was also discussed in the paper. This work helps enhance the understanding of the response of hydrogel NPs under IR radiation, and offers a potential material system for uncooled IR detection that is inspired by M. acuminata. The direct use of transmittance of the NP solution as the readout for IR detection also provides a simple and sensitive IR detection approach for low cost and portable industrial applications.

Design of a long-range IR detection system

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Negi ◽  
Om P. Nijhawan ◽  
A. K. Sahay ◽  
Harpal S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Ir Detection

Measurement of Thermo-Radiation Characteristics of IR Window Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1083 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Ya Hui Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Bo Chang Zhang ◽  
Bo Liang
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Detection System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ir Detectors ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Window Material ◽  
Ir Detection ◽  
Main Factor

When aircrafts have hypersonic flights in the atmosphere, high-temperature IR windows become the main factor of complicated aero-thermo-radiation effects, which reduce the performance of IR detection systems, or even make these detection systems fail. Consequently, measuring thermo-radiation characteristics of IR window material is essential for the assessment of aero-thermo-radiation effect. By analyzing thermal radiation transfer in IR windows, a method is proposed to measure thermo-radiation characteristics of IR window materials, and an experimental platform is established. Based on the platform, thermo-radiation characteristics of a sapphire IR window of a MWIR detection system in a hypersonic vehicle are measured. The results indicate that, the thermo-radiation characteristics of the sapphire IR window material in 3.7μm-4.8μm have an approximate cubic relationship with temperature at 100~350. With the rise of temperature, the transmittance of the sapphire material decreases, while the self-radiation increases. Subsequently, the self-radiation can drive detector into saturation easily, of which the influence on the MWIR detection system is bigger than that of the transmittance. And, with thickness increasing, transmittance decreases exponentially, and self-radiation increases, but the increment decreases exponentially. Consequently, as IR windows’ thickness or temperature increases, SNR of the MWIR detection system declines, saturation of IR detectors occurs easily.

REAGENTLESS BIO-SAMPLING METHODS FOR IR DETECTION

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUKE D. DOUCETTE ◽  
HE LI ◽  
BRIAN J. NINNESS ◽  
CARL P. TRIPP
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Flow Cells ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Ir Detection ◽  
The Military

Currently there exists a critical need within the military and homeland defense for highly sophisticated yet, small, lightweight portable sensors and detection systems for identifying and quantifying biological and biowarfare agents (BWA) in both liquid and aerosolized form. Our proposed BWA detection system is based upon Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), where the main advantages of this approach are that it is reagentless, operates in heterogeneous aqueous environments, and provides fast detection and high sensitivity/selectivity to bacterial spores with minimal false alarms. The key enabler to using FTIR for BWA detection is to develop selective and robust sampling protocols coupled to a miniaturized, portable FTIR unit. To that end, we have developed front-end liquid flow cells which incorporate electric field (E-Field) concentration methods for spores onto the surface of an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) IR crystal. IR spectra are presented which show collection and detection results with BG spores in water. The approaches we have developed take advantage of the fact that all spores are negatively charged in neutral pH solutions. Therefore, E-Field concentration of spores directly onto an ATR sampling element enables low level concentration measurements to be possible.

Analysis of electron-diffraction intensity profiles using a photodiode-array detection system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
J. B. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
Silicon Photodiode ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Photodiode Array

Electron diffraction intensity profiles have been used extensively in studies of polycrystalline and amorphous thin films. In previous work, diffraction intensity profiles were quantitized either by mechanically scanning the photographic emulsion with a densitometer or by using deflection coils to scan the diffraction pattern over a stationary detector. Such methods tend to be slow, and the intensities must still be converted from analog to digital form for quantitative analysis. The Instrumentation Division at Brookhaven has designed and constructed a electron diffractometer, based on a silicon photodiode array, that overcomes these disadvantages. The instrument is compact (Fig. 1), can be used with any unmodified electron microscope, and acquires the data in a form immediately accessible by microcomputer.Major components include a RETICON 1024 element photodiode array for the de tector, an Analog Devices MAS-1202 analog digital converter and a Digital Equipment LSI 11/2 microcomputer. The photodiode array cannot detect high energy electrons without damage so an f/1.4 lens is used to focus the phosphor screen image of the diffraction pattern on to the photodiode array.

Data Acquisition and Handling Unit for a Quantitative Use of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 232-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trebbia ◽  
P. Ballongue ◽  
C. Colliex
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Surface Barrier ◽  
Solid State Detector ◽  
Electrostatic Mirror ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

An effective use of electron energy loss spectroscopy for chemical characterization of selected areas in the electron microscope can only be achieved with the development of quantitative measurements capabilities.The experimental assembly, which is sketched in Fig.l, has therefore been carried out. It comprises four main elements.The analytical transmission electron microscope is a conventional microscope fitted with a Castaing and Henry dispersive unit (magnetic prism and electrostatic mirror). Recent modifications include the improvement of the vacuum in the specimen chamber (below 10-6 torr) and the adaptation of a new electrostatic mirror.The detection system, similar to the one described by Hermann et al (1), is located in a separate chamber below the fluorescent screen which visualizes the energy loss spectrum. Variable apertures select the electrons, which have lost an energy AE within an energy window smaller than 1 eV, in front of a surface barrier solid state detector RTC BPY 52 100 S.Q. The saw tooth signal delivered by a charge sensitive preamplifier (decay time of 5.10-5 S) is amplified, shaped into a gaussian profile through an active filter and counted by a single channel analyser.

Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Huang Min ◽  
P.S. Flora ◽  
C.J. Harland ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Cylindrical Mirror ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Channel Plate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

Quantitative EPMA of nitrogen : A tricky element in the electron-probe microanalyzer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1622-1623
Author(s):  
G.F. Bastin ◽  
H.J.M. Heijligers
Keyword(s):  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Quantitative Epma ◽  
Peak Count ◽  
Lead Stearate

Among the ultra-light elements B, C, N, and O nitrogen is the most difficult element to deal with in the electron probe microanalyzer. This is mainly caused by the severe absorption that N-Kα radiation suffers in carbon which is abundantly present in the detection system (lead-stearate crystal, carbonaceous counter window). As a result the peak-to-background ratios for N-Kα measured with a conventional lead-stearate crystal can attain values well below unity in many binary nitrides . An additional complication can be caused by the presence of interfering higher-order reflections from the metal partner in the nitride specimen; notorious examples are elements such as Zr and Nb. In nitrides containing these elements is is virtually impossible to carry out an accurate background subtraction which becomes increasingly important with lower and lower peak-to-background ratios. The use of a synthetic multilayer crystal such as W/Si (2d-spacing 59.8 Å) can bring significant improvements in terms of both higher peak count rates as well as a strong suppression of higher-order reflections.

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

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