Stridulation and Behavior in Two Southeastern Ips Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Wilkinson ◽  
W. T. McClelland ◽  
Ruth M. Murillo ◽  
E. O. Ostmark
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
And Behavior

The Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Biology and Behavior of Adult Ips confusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Wood ◽  
R. W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ips Confusus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractSterilization of male and female Ips confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) exposed to gamma radiation (Co60) as newly emerged adults was almost complete at levels exceeding 7500 r and 10,000 r, respectively. Mating behavior of males as expressed by sperm transfer was unaffected by dosages up to 60,000 r. The capacity of beetles of either sex to establish galleries was not affected significantly below this dosage, but female gallery pattern was altered above 15,000 r. Longevity was reduced at levels greater than 5000 r. LD50 for males occurred at 11.5 days at 7500 r and 29 days in the controls. Mortality of progeny resulting from males irradiated at substerilization levels was higher than in the controls. The dosage to achieve significant population reduction with minimum effect on longevity and other biological activity is estimated to lie between 6000 and 7500 r.These studies indicate that this sterilization technique may have promise in the control of bark beetles. The necessity for rearing large numbers on artificial media could be circumvented by mass trapping utilizing their natural sex attractant and by mass rearing in cut host material in the laboratory.

Morphological and behavioural features of bark beetles of the tribe Scolytini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) associated with fungi

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Петров
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trophic Specialization ◽  
Anterior Plate ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Food Substrate

Подсемейство Scolytinae объединяет около 6000 видов жуков, отличающихся друг от друга размерами, формой тела, поведением и пищевой специализацией. Цель исследования – выявление особенностей морфологии и поведения жуков из разных родов трибы Scolytini, связанных с особенностями питания, – флео-ксилофагов и ксиломицетофагов. Существенные различия проявляются в поведении флео-ксилофагов и ксиломицетофагов при прохождении дополнительного питания жуками и заселении кормового растения. Различия наблюдаются в характере построения маточных ходов ксиломицетофагов и флео-ксилофагов и в питании личинок. Ходы ксило-мицетофагов выгрызаются в древесине перпендикулярно поверхности коры. Ксиломицетофаги переносят споры грибов, производят «посев» микобиоты в «личиночных нишах». Личинки Camptocerus грызут ткани древесины, расширяя личиночные ниши и питаются мицелием грибов. Молодые жуки покидают ходы через входное отверстие родителей. Личинки флео-ксилофагов питаются тканями луба, камбия и древесины. Завершив развитие, молодые жуки покидают ходы через «вылётные отверстия». С особенностями поведения и питания потомства связаны морфологические особенности жуков. У ксиломицетофагов возникают микангии – органы переноса микобиоты. Провентрикулус ксиломицетофагов более вытянут в длину. Передняя мембрана у ксиломицетофагов рода Camptocerus вооружена склеротизованными зубцевидными бугорками. Строение провентрикулуса флео-ксилофагов Scolytus отличается удлиненными ланцетовидными пластинами на задней мембране, направленными к центру провентрикулюса. Передняя мембрана провентрикулюса Scolytus вооружена многочисленными мелкими заостренными бугорками. Mорфология провентрикулюса флео-ксилофагов родов Ceratolepis, Cnemonyx, Loganius близка к Camptocerus. Строение провентрикулюса Scolytopsis схоже со Scolytus. The subfamily Scolytinae includes about 6000 species of beetles, varying in size, shape of the body, behavior and trophic specialization. The objective of this research is the study of features of morphology and behavior of beetles from different genera of the tribe Scolytini associated with of type of feeding habits: phleophagy and xylophagy and xylomycetophagy (ambrosia beetles). Important differences are seen in behavior of phleophagous-xylophagous and xylomycetophagous group during additional feeding and colonizations of host trees. Significant differences are observed in the building of egg galleries by ambrosia beetles and in feeding of larvae. Galleries of ambrosia beetles are excavated into sapwood and perpendicular to the bark of the host tree. Ambrosia beetles transport innoculum of fungi, cultivating «crops» of the mycobiota. Larvae expand the egg niche into a larval cradle, consuming wood and feeding upon fungi. Emerged imagos of ambrosia beetles leave the galleries through entrance tunnel of parents. Larvae of phloeo-xylophagous group eat phloem, cambium and sapwood. Having finished development, young beetles leave the courses through self-made flight-holes. The behavior and food substrate of larvae of beetles define morphological features of phloeophagy, xylophagy and xylomycetophagy groups. Adult ambrosia beetles have mycangia – structures for transfer of the mycobiota. The proventriculus of xylomycetophagous beetles from genus Сamptocerus is more extended in length. The anterior plate of proventriculus in Camptocerus is armed with big tubercles. The structure of the proventriculus of phloeo-xylophagous genus Scolytus differs in the extended apical laminate teeth on the posterior plate directed to the center of the proventriculus. The anterior plate is armed with numerous small pointed tubercles. The morphology of the proventriculus of phoeo-xylophagous genera Ceratolepis, Cnemonyx, Loganius is similar to that of Camptocerus. The morphology of the proventriculus of Scolytopsis is similar to that of Scolytus.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term cold storage of jack pine bolts is associated with higher concentrations of monoterpenes and nutrients

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydne Guevara-Rozo ◽  
Gail Classens ◽  
Altaf Hussain ◽  
Nadir Erbilgin
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Host Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Storage Times

Studies with conifer-infesting bark beetles commonly use bolts cut from trees to evaluate the effects of host tree quality on various aspects of insect biology. Yet, whether host quality changes between live trees and bolts cut from these trees has not been assessed. Particularly, changes in concentrations of defense chemicals (such as monoterpenes) and nutrients (such as nitrogen and carbon) have not been compared between live trees and their cut bolts. To determine whether monoterpene and nutrient concentrations differ after cutting, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees in Lac La Biche (Alberta) were selected and sampled for phloem tissue. Then, these trees were harvested into two bolts per tree and stored at 4 °C for 3 and 6 months. Phloem was sampled from both live trees and bolts 3 and 6 months after storage. We found that major monoterpenes of jack pine were higher in phloem from bolts than from live trees. Storage time did not affect the results. Furthermore, some nutrients including nitrogen were also higher in bolts and varied between storage times. We conclude that researchers should be aware of the observed changes in the host quality that may have positive or negative effects on the development and behavior of bark beetles under observation.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Mamoru Tomozane ◽  
Ming Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

Formation of defects in implanted hipox-structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1406-1407
Author(s):  
Peter Pegler ◽  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Trench Isolation ◽  
And Behavior

High-pressure oxidation of silicon (HIPOX) is one of various techniques used for electrical-isolation of semiconductor-devices on silicon substrates. Other techniques have included local-oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), poly-buffered LOCOS, deep-trench isolation and separation of silicon by implanted oxygen (SIMOX). Reliable use of HIPOX for device-isolation requires an understanding of the behavior of the materials and structures being used and their interactions under different processing conditions. The effect of HIPOX-related stresses in the structures is of interest because structuraldefects, if formed, could electrically degrade devices.This investigation was performed to study the origin and behavior of defects in recessed HIPOX (RHIPOX) structures. The structures were exposed to a boron implant. Samples consisted of (i) RHlPOX'ed strip exposed to a boron implant, (ii) recessed strip prior to HIPOX, but exposed to a boron implant, (iii) test-pad prior to HIPOX, (iv) HIPOX'ed region away from R-HIPOX edge. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the <110> substrate-geometry.

Language and Behavior Disorders in School-Age Children: Comorbidity and Communication in the Classroom

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hollo
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Support ◽  
School Professionals ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
And Behavior

Language development is the foundation for competence in social, emotional, behavioral, and academic performance. Although language impairment (LI) is known to co-occur with behavioral and mental health problems, LI is likely to be overlooked in school-age children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD; Hollo, Wehby, & Oliver, in press). Because language deficits may contribute to the problem behavior and poor social development characteristic of children with EBD, the consequences of an undiagnosed language disorder can be devastating. Implications include the need to train school professionals to recognize communication deficits. Further, it is critically important that specialists collaborate to provide linguistic and behavioral support for students with EBD and LI.

Tools & Resources: Impairment and Disability Web Sites

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Personality disorders are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from those expected by the individual's culture; these inflexible and pervasive patterns reflect issues with cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control, and lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, defines two specific personality disorders, in addition to an eleventh condition, Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities; of these, Paranoid Personality Disorder probably is most common in the legal arena. Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality. Such people may suffer from frantic efforts to avoid perceived abandonment, patterns of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, an identity disturbance, and impulsivity. Legal issues that involve individuals with cluster B personality disorders often involve determination of causation of the person's problems, assessment of claims of harassment, and assessment of the person's fitness for employment. Cluster C personality disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality. Two case histories illustrate some of the complexities of assessing impairment in workers with personality disorders, including drug abuse, hospitalizations, and inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy.

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