The Effects of Reductions in the Hours of Work. A Review Article

1964 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Gunnar R. Österberg ◽  
Gunnar R. Osterberg
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours

Paranoid States Occurring in Leaded-Petrol Handlers

1950 ◽  
Vol 96 (405) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Kahan
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Military Units

During the early winter of 1943 a series of cases was seen that presented syndromes of emotional disturbance, varying from acute excitement and confusion to depressive traits such as hypochondriasis, vague fears and insomnia. Hallucination, delusions, or ideas of reference, appeared in all. The patients concerned, six in number, were Indian males, all between 20 and 40 years of age, and were referred to the psychiatric section of the combined general hospital at Basra between October and December, 1943. They had a common background, inasmuch as they had all been away from India with their units for a year or more, and were members of military units working in S. Persia, closely in contact with petrol, either as can fillers or can stackers in enclosed spaces. The hours of work were long, and the men were kept at this work for extended periods. It was, at the time, essential to maintain heavy deliveries of petrol, and the men concerned were at work in high natural temperatures with only little consideration being given for possible ill effects from the freely evaporating petrol.

Determination of Optimum Instances and Duration of Rest Periods for Strenuous Manual Work

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Dileep R. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Rest Breaks

Since the beginning of recorded history, man has been concerned about work-rest cycles. Studies of industrial fatigue date back to 1893 when the hours of work were reduced from 54 to 48 hours a week. Further reductions have brought us to a 40-hour work week with five days of work and two days of rest. Management recognizes the value of rest breaks and normally provides these in accordance with the type labor performed and environmental conditions.

Forecasting the Effects of a Negative Income Tax Program

ILR Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Johnson ◽  
John H. Pencavel
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Negative Income ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Supply Functions ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Negative Income Tax

This paper outlines a scheme that forecasts the change in net earnings or in hours worked that results from the introduction of a negative income tax (NIT) program. The authors illustrate this scheme by estimating labor supply functions for married men, married women, and single women who participated in the Seattle-Denver Income Maintenance Experiments. These functions are then used to simulate the effects of several NIT programs. The findings suggest that changes in the wage rate of an individual covered by an NIT program result in important changes in the hours of work of the individual's spouse.

scholarly journals Services publics — Pouvoir du tribunal d'arbitrage d'amender sa propre sentence

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Keyword(s):  
Full Information ◽  
School Corporations ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
The Right ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Arbitration Award

Summary A council of arbitration, appointed under the Act respecting Municipal and School Corporations and their Employees, which remained in office after rendering its award with power to hear any dispute arising as to its interpretation but whose authority has been limited by a clause in the agreement annexed to the award and reading as follows: Le Tribunal d'arbitrage n'aura pas juridiction pour rendre une décision incompatible avec les dispositions de cette convention, ni pour changer, modifier ou amender quelque partie que ce soit de cette convention. has the right to interpret its award and to correct a simple clerical error, but not to amend it. In the present instance, under the terms of the award, the employees of the same category as plaintiff were entitled to be paid at the rate of $1.29 per hour for time worked up to 44 hours a week, plus 50% for time worked in excess of 44 hours a week, the whole retroactive to a specified date. It cannot be said that it is only through a clerical error that the award was made retroactive not only as to the rate of pay but also as to the hours of work a week, even if it resulted in hardship for the employer. A tribunal cannot amend its decision any time that it finds that it acted without full information or complete realization of the effect of such dicision An arbitration award is not null because it was made retroactive for 13 months, contrary to the article 12 of the above-mentionned Act which limits the retroactivity to 12 months; but tis retroactivity should be reduced to that period. In amending its award as it did the council acted without jurisdiction and plaintiff was justified in taking action for the amount due to him under the award as originally made, but with the period of retroactivity shortened from 13 to 12 months.

scholarly journals The effect of the EWTD on training in general surgery: an analysis of electronic logbook records

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Bates ◽  
E Cecil ◽  
I Greene
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Duty Hours ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Electronic Logbook ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The New Deal

The introduction of time-limited surgical training in the UK in 1994 following the Calman report raised concerns over the hands-on experience of trainees, heightened by the hours reduction demanded by the New Deal. From 1994, junior doctors' on-duty hours of work for hard-pressed posts were targeted to a limit of 56 hours but SpRs were allowed a voluntary extension from 73 on-duty hours to a maximum of 83 hours per week. By 1995 concern was being expressed at the reduction in training time and continuity of patient care and although calls for more targeted training were made, evidence of a negative impact on training has continued to surface.

scholarly journals The Contribution to International Legislation of the Nineteenth Session of the International Labor Conference

1936 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-753
Author(s):  
C. Wilfred Jenks
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
International Law ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Glass Bottle ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
General Impression ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
International Obligations

It is proposed in this article to consider the Draft Conventions adopted by the International Labor Conference at its Nineteenth Session primarily with a view to illustrating the nature of the contribution which the Conference is making to international legislation and the manner in which problems which have some general bearing upon the development of international law and organization arise for consideration in connection with International Labor Conventions. It is unnecessary for this purpose to recapitulate the composition, powers, and procedure of the International Labor Conference, or to review that part of the activities of its Nineteenth Session which did not lead to the immediate adoption of Draft Conventions. It is therefore necessary to warn the reader that this article is not an attempt to give him a general impression of the Conference. It does not attempt to review the general discussions of social policy based upon the director's report. It does not describe the Unemployment (Young Persons) Recommendation, 1935, an important pronouncement which is one of the most valuable results of the Conference, but which, being a Recommendation, is intended “to be submitted to the Members for consideration with a view to effect being given to it by national legislation or otherwise,” and is therefore incapable of becoming by ratification the source of international obligations. This article, further, gives no account of the preliminary discussions which will probably lead to the adoption of Draft Conventions in future years; nor does it review the work of the Conference in supervising the application of existing Conventions. Its scope is limited strictly to a discussion of the five Draft Conventions actually adopted at the Nineteenth Session, i.e., the Forty-Hour Week Convention, 1935; the Reduction of Hours of Work (Glass-Bottle Works) Convention, 1935; the Maintenance of Migrants' Pension Rights Convention, 1935; the Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935; and the Hours of Work (Coal Mines) Convention (Revised), 1935. Certain of these instruments raise far-reaching questions of economic and social policy; but discussion of such questions would not be appropriate in what is intended as a legal commentary.

The Effect of Employee Benefits on the Demand for Part-Time Workers

ILR Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Montgomery ◽  
James Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Fringe Benefit ◽  
Employee Benefits ◽  
Fringe Benefits ◽  
Child Care Centers ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Teacher Aides

This paper uses the results of a unique survey of child care centers in 1989 to examine the effect of fringe benefits on the demand for part-time teachers and teacher aides. An analysis that controls for wages and other establishment characteristics shows that as the level of fringe benefit payments at the establishment rises, hours of work by part-time workers fall significantly relative to the hours worked by full-time teachers and teacher aides. Particularly influential are insurance payments (such as health and dental), which have an effect more than twice that of fringe benefits in general.

scholarly journals A study on the influence of ergonomics on the prevalence of chronic pain disorders among dentists

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 3873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Kalappa ◽  
Raghavendra Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Long Time

Background: Dentists are prone for chronic pain especially neck and back pain owing to the following risk factors as a part of their practice-repetitive movements, maintenance of awkward body postures for a long time and tasks that require fine motor skills and close visual focus. The term - Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which result from poor ergonomics, refers to conditions that involve the nerves, tendons, muscles and supporting structures of the body.Methods: 248 dentists in Bangalore were asked to respond to a questionnaire about their practice pattern (years of practice, hours of work, specialization, two-handed/four handed dentistry, use of magnifications etc), their general lifestyle including exercise, fitness patterns, prevalence of MSDs and their general awareness regarding MSDs. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and Chi-square tests.Results: In our study 95.16% (n=236) and 90.32% (n=224) respondents reported MSDs in the past and in the previous 12 months of the study respectively. 54.84% (n=136) reported at least one episode of backache, 51.61% (n=128) reported neck pain, 19.35% (n=48) reported pain in the shoulder and 32.25% (n=80) reported pain in the wrist and/or hand in the previous 12 months. Our study found considerable influence of the hours of work, use of assistant and magnification on Backache, Neck pain and wrist/hand pain.Conclusions: Work-related pain being common and multifactorial, any possible solution should also be multifactorial and can be managed effectively using a multifaceted approach and the strategies for prevention and care are also discussed.

Sistem Presensi Berbasis Sidik Jari untuk Peningkatan Disiplin Kehadiran Aparat Desa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Alam Rahmatulloh ◽  
Rohmat Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Data Recording ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Authentic Data

Since the issuance of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, the process of organizing village government is demanded to be more optimal. The performance of village officials must continue to be improved, in order to provide better services to the community. The work activities of village officials are influenced by the level of attendance and discipline of work schedules and hours. The process of recording data on the presence of village officials needs to be managed properly, because it affects the performance of services to the community. Conventional attendance data recording, is done by affixing a signature to a book or attendance form that is done at work time. Weaknesses of this process, including not knowing exactly the hours of work and hours of return and attendance data is easily manipulated by entrusting signatures to others. Based on these problems, it is proposed to implement a fingerprint-based attendance recording system. The process of recording and preparing attendance reports is supported by software that has been designed to handle attendance data processing, and attendance data reports can be printed directly so that it can produce more accurate information and data. The results of the implementation of a fingerprint-based attendance system were able to improve the discipline of village officials by providing authentic data on complete attendance.

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