The Use of a Microcomputer in a Municipal Court

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
David D. Dabelko
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Court

Dangerous Warrants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirej Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Fourth Amendment ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Police Discretion ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Municipal Court

The Supreme Court has cast judicial warrants as the Fourth Amendment gold standard for regulating police discretion. It has embraced a "warrant preference" on the premise that requiring police to obtain advance judicial approval for searches and seizures encourages accurate identification of evidence and suspects while minimizing interference with constitutional rights. The Court and commentators have overlooked the fact that most outstanding warrants do none of these things. Most outstanding warrants are what this article terms "non-compliance warrants": summarily issued arrest warrants for failures to comply with a court or police order. State and local courts are profligate in issuing such warrants for minor offenses. For example, the Department of Justice found that the municipal court in Ferguson, Missouri issued one warrant for every two of its residents. When issued as wantonly as this, warrants are dangerous because they generate police discretion rather than restrain it. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court has, most recently in Utah v. Strieff, treated non-compliance warrants as if no different from the traditional warrants that gave rise to the Fourth Amendment warrant preference. This article argues that non-compliance warrants pose unique dangers, constitutional and otherwise. Non-compliance warrants create powerful incentives for the police to conduct unconstitutional stops, particularly in poor and minority neighborhoods. Their enforcement also generates race and class feedback loops. Outstanding warrants beget arrests and arrests beget more warrants. Over time, this dynamic amplifies race and class disparities in criminal justice. The article concludes by prescribing a Fourth Amendment remedy to deter unconstitutional warrant checks. More importantly, the article identifies steps state and local courts might take to stem the continued proliferation of non-compliance warrants.

Doing Justice in the People's Court: Sentencing by Municipal Court Judges

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Macolm M. Feeley ◽  
Jon'a Meyer ◽  
Paul Jesilow
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Court

scholarly journals "Small Claims" Consumer Plaintiffs in the Philadelphia Municipal Court: An Empirical Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Montague Steadman ◽  
Richard S. Rosenstein
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Small Claims ◽  
Municipal Court

The Nature of Bail Decisionmaking in Boston Municipal Court

1995 ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
John S. Goldkamp ◽  
Michael R. Gottfredson ◽  
Peter R. Jones ◽  
Doris Weiland
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Court

scholarly journals Gross Violations of Human Rights Veiled within Xinjiang Political Reeducation Camps

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ayu Suci Rakhima ◽  
Ni Gusti Ayu Dyah Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Municipal Court ◽  
Court Proceeding

Xinjiang reeducation camps are dedicated to cleanse the practice and existence of religion, and majorly subjects the Uighur moslems. China has constantly denied the conduct of gross human rights violations of Uighur moslems within Xinjiang political reeducation camps. This article will elaborate on the actions done by Xinjiang officials to unveil the gross violations of human rights towards the Uighurs within Xinjiang reeducation camps. The article will also examine the available possibility to criminally hold the perpetrators liable and provide effective relief to the victims. This article is constructed using normative legal research method with statutory, case, and fact approaches, along with conceptual/analytical approach. The result shows that there exist gross violations of human rights towards the Uighurs within Xinjiang reeducation camps in a form of arbitrary detention and torture. Moreover, there are some available possibilities to criminally hold the perpetrators liable and provide effective relief to the victims, namely through a municipal court proceeding and through the Committee against Torture.

Sources of International Law in Domestic Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Ryngaert
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Municipal Court ◽  
Domestic Law

This chapter maintains that as both municipal and international law use legal norms to regulate social relationships, a space for inter-systemic interaction between both legal spheres emerges. Municipal legal practice can have an ‘upstream’ impact on the formation of the content of the sources of international law, where these require proof of State practice and/or opinio juris for valid norms to be generated. Particularly, domestic court decisions can have a jurisgenerative effect on customary international law, where they become part of a transnational dialogue between domestic and international courts on questions of international law determination. Admittedly, this dialogical process is hamstrung by the particularities of domestic law and the hard-to-eradicate selection bias of international law-appliers. However, a more objective comparative international law process can be grounded, geared to effective problem-solving guided by the persuasiveness and quality of reasoning of municipal court decisions relevant to international law.

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