A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Musical Style

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce O. Eastlund
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Advanced Degrees ◽  
Similarity Ratings

This study was designed to define the dominant perceptual dimensions used by listeners in classification of music excerpts by style. In addition, similarity ratings of novice listeners, defined as those with limited training and expert listeners, defined as those with advanced degrees in music and at least 5 years of teaching experience, were compared. Subjects (N = 30) rated all possible pairings of fifteen 15-second excerpts drawn from European tonal music composed between 1762 and 1896. Analysis of data from each subgroup solution yielded a three- dimensional solution. When stimulus coordinates were compared, they were found to be significantly correlated. Therefore, the data were pooled. Multidimensional scaling techniques generated a three-dimensional stimulus configuration for the pooled data. Dominant dimensions for novice and expert musicians were interpreted as historical period, complexity or amount of information, and tempo.

Developmental Changes in the Structure of Semantic Memory

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
Naoki Oka ◽  
Seiko Fukada ◽  
Toshiaki Mori
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Sorting Tasks

The present study was designed to examine the developmental change in the structure of semantic memory by using multidimensional scaling. Preschool children (4-yr.-old and 5-yr.-old) performed 56 sorting tasks with 56 possible combinations of 3 words from 8 familiar words. A three-dimensional solution of the data showed (1) dimension I may be interpreted as a taxonomic category and the combination of Dimensions II and III as a complementary relationship. (2) Also, younger children put more weight on Dimensions II and III than older children, whereas older children put more weight on Dimension I.

Perceptions of Sport-Oriented Professionals: A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Britton W. Brewer ◽  
Darwyn E. Linder ◽  
Nina DeLange
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Sport Psychologist ◽  
Counselor Performance ◽  
Strength Coach

A multidimensional scaling analysis was used to investigate the psychological structure underlying college students’ perceptions of 12 practitioners: sport psychologist, clinical psychologist, psychotherapist, coach, psychiatrist, counselor, performance consultant, nutritionist, sports medicine specialist, strength coach, hypnotist, and technical equipment advisor. For this analysis, 200 male and female undergraduates completed 66 scales rating the psychological similarity between all possible pairs of the 12 practitioners. The R2 of .84 and stress value of .17 indicated that a two-dimensional solution was the best fit for the similarity ratings. The first dimension was identified as separating practitioners specializing in the mental aspects of performance from those specializing in the physical aspects of performance. The second dimension separated sport practitioners from nonsport practitioners. Interestingly, subjects perceived sport psychologists as being concerned with mental, nonsport issues. The results are discussed in terms of the relationships among the various practitioners.

A Between-Sport Comparison of Situational Threat Perceptions in Ice Hockey and Soccer

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G.H. Dunn ◽  
A. Brian Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Direct Cross ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

To fully understand why athletes experience anxiety in specific competitive situations, the psychological dimensions upon which threat perceptions are based must also be understood. No studies to date have been designed primarily to facilitate direct cross-sport comparisons of the constructs. The purposes of this study were (a) to identify the psychological dimensions upon which athletes in ice hockey and soccer base threat perceptions towards specific anxiety-inducing game situations, and (b) to determine whether athletes from these sports held similar threat perceptions towards parallel cross-sport situations. Seventy-one athletes rated the degree of similarity of threat perceptions across 15 sport-specific game situations. A multidimensional scaling analysis revealed similar three-dimensional solutions for each sport. However, certain distinct between-sport differences were also observed. Furthermore, the perceptions of threat towards certain situations were found to be multidimensional. The implications these findings have for competitive-anxiety research are discussed.

The Reasons People Give for Taking Overdoses

1976 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. Bancroft ◽  
A. M. Skrimshire ◽  
S. Simkin
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
After Care ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Do So

SummaryThis study investigates the reasons people give for taking overdoses of drugs. A representative sample of 128 subjects were interviewed immediately after their recovery from an overdose. During the interview they were given alternative reasons for taking overdoses and asked to choose any that applied to them. Spontaneous comments about suicidal intent were also recorded. Of the subjects, 44 per cent indicated that they had wanted to die. On the basis of their choices 33 per cent were ‘seeking help’, 42 per cent ‘escaping from the situation’, 52 per cent ‘obtaining relief from a terrible state of mind’ and 19 per cent ‘trying to influence someone’. The association between these various reasons and other expected effects or feelings associated with the act were examined by means of multidimensional scaling analysis. In addition, the characteristics of those expressing suicidal intent and other reasons were studied, together with such consequences as toxic effects and psychiatric after-care. The possibility is discussed that a large proportion of those indicating suicidal intent do so either to gain social acceptability for their act or to influence helping agencies.

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