Relationships between Pitch-Matching Accuracy, Speech Fundamental Frequency, Speech Range, Age, and Gender in American English-Speaking Preschool Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie L. Trollinger
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Matching Accuracy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pitch Matching ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Function

This study is an investigation of the relationships among acoustical measurements of pitch-matching accuracy, speech fundamental frequency, speech frequency range, age, and gender in preschool children. Consideration was taken in applying known research concerned with the anatomical characteristics of the developing child voice to see if a relationship between the acoustic findings and anatomical structure and function was evident. Participants in the study were 70 English-speaking children, ages 36–71 months, from three geographical areas of the United States. Subjects were asked to engage in directed and spontaneous speech activities and short echo-singing activities. All speech and singing data were taped and subsequently analyzed for fundamental frequency (Fo) using the Cspeech acoustical voice analysis program. Results revealed (a) both speech Fo and speech range were the overall strongest predictors of pitch-matching accuracy (p < .0001) and (b) that age in months was a significant predictor (p = .03) of the ability to sing the lower pitches (C and D) used in the study. Gender also emerged as a significant predictor of pitch-matching accuracy, but not as strong as speech fundamental frequency or speech range. The acoustic findings supported previously established research findings concerned with child vocal anatomy and function.

scholarly journals Circumstances of fall-related injuries by age and gender among community-dwelling adults in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lava R. Timsina ◽  
Joanna L. Willetts ◽  
Melanye J. Brennan ◽  
Helen Marucci-Wellman ◽  
David A. Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Truancy in the United States: Examining temporal trends and correlates by race, age, and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy R. Maynard ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Erik J. Nelson ◽  
Christopher P. Salas-Wright ◽  
David A. Heyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Adolescent perceptions of reciprocity, authority, and closeness in relationships with mothers, fathers, and friends

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Laursen ◽  
Peter Noack ◽  
David Wilder ◽  
Vickie Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Adolescents in Germany and the United States completed questionnaires describing reciprocity, authority, and closeness in relationships with mothers, fathers, and friends. Reciprocity was linked to authority within and across friendships and parent-child relationships; reciprocity and authority were linked to closeness within and across parent-child relationships, but neither within friendships nor across friendships and parent-child relationships. Median splits divided adolescents into high and low closeness groups for each relationship to determine differences in reciprocity and authority. Patterns of reciprocity varied as a function of relationship closeness and nationality, as well as by age and gender. Patterns of authority differed by nationality only.

A Comparative Study on Parenting of Preschool Children Between the Chinese in China and Chinese Immigrants in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1262-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Zuwei Yu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
And Gender

The goal of this questionnaire-based study was to compare the relative endorsement of specific parenting patterns among two ethnic Chinese groups rearing preschool children: Chinese parents in China ( N = 117) and first-generation Chinese immigrant parents in the United States ( N = 94). A significant interaction effect was found between country and gender on the nonreasoning/punitive dimension of authoritarian parenting, revealing that Chinese fathers endorsed this pattern more strongly than both Chinese immigrant fathers and Chinese mothers. There was also a significant interaction effect between country and gender on the practice of shaming/love withdrawal, indicating that Chinese fathers espoused this pattern more strongly than Chinese immigrant fathers and Chinese mothers, but Chinese immigrant mothers endorsed it more strongly than Chinese immigrant fathers. Furthermore, it was revealed that Chinese immigrants endorsed beliefs about maternal involvement more strongly than their Chinese counterparts. The results are discussed in the context of cultural and contextual influences.

THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND GENDER ON FINGER TAPPING SPEED IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Memisevic ◽  
Indira Mahmutovic ◽  
Arnela Pasalic ◽  
Inga Ibralic Biscevic
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Finger Tapping Test ◽  
And Gender

Background: The assessment of children’s motor control is very important in detecting potential motor deficits. The Finger Tapping Test (FTT) is a widely used test in various clinical and non-clinical populations. FTT is a neuropsychological test designed to measure motor control. Age and gender are significant pre - dictors of finger tapping speed in school-aged children. The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of age and gender on finger tapping speed in preschool children. Material/Methods: The sample for this study included 111 preschool children, aged 3 to 6 years (mean age- 4.6; SD- 0.9), of both genders (59 boys, 52 girls). As a measure of finger tapping speed we used the Finger Tapping Test from the Psychology Experi -ment Building Language (PEBL). Results: The results of this study found a significant effect of age on finger tapping speed. Contrary to the existing studies, there was no gender effect on the tapping speed in preschoolers. A one way analysis of variance showed that older children performed significantly better than younger children Conclusions:There is a linear trend of improved performance on FTT with an increasing age. The child’s gender was not a significant predictor of FTT for preschool children. Motor control and speed can be improved through exercise.

scholarly journals 1076 Effects of age and gender on right ventricular structure and function: a turning point at age fifty

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A201
Author(s):  
Mark J Goldman ◽  
Dipti Gupta ◽  
Suzanne White ◽  
William Schapiro ◽  
Nora Ngai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Ventricular Structure ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Self-Esteem—A Cross-Cultural Window

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Ruben C. Arslan ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Jason Rentfrow ◽  
Jochen E. Gebauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical research has been undertaken in the United States or other Western industrialized countries, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. To broaden the empirical base, the present research uses a large Internet sample (N 985,937) to provide the first large-scale systematic cross-cultural examination of gender and age differences in self-esteem. Across 48 nations, and consistent with previous research, wefound age-related increases in self-esteem from late adolescence to middle adulthood and significant gender gaps, with males consistently reporting higher self-esteem than females. Despite these broad cross-cultural similarities, the cultures differed significantly in the magnitude of gender, age, and Gender Age effects on self-esteem. These differences were associated with cultural differences in socioeconomic, sociodemographic, gender-equality, and cultural value indicators. Discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of cross-cultural research on self-esteem.

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