Musicians' and Nonmusicians' Preferences for World Musics: Relation to Musical Characteristics and Familiarity

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Victor Fung
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
World Music ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Music Preferences ◽  
Preference Rating ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
Nonmusic Majors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among musical characteristics and musicians' and nonmusicians' preferences for world musics. World musics were drawn from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Musical characteristics included tempo, pitch redundancy, tonal centeredness, consonance, brightness in timbre, percussiveness, loudness, textural complexity, and richness in embellishment. Preference was also examined in relation to familiarity. Subjects were 449 undergraduate students (180 music majors and 269 nonmusic majors). Subjects completed a preference-rating scale that included a total of 36 instrumental excerpts from nine countries. Results showed that all nine musical characteristics were significant sources of variance in world music preferences. The following musical characteristics were preferred by both musicians and nonmusicians: fast tempo, loud, tonal-centered, having many different pitches, consonant, moderately embellished, smooth-sounding, and bright timbre. Musicians preferred excerpts with complex texture, whereas nonmusicians preferred moderately complex textures. A positive relationship between familiarity and preference was found across all musical styles. In general, musicians had significantly higher preference means than did nonmusicians:

Undergraduate Nonmusic Majors' World Music Preference and Multicultural Attitudes

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Victor Fung
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Preference Score ◽  
World Music ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Identification Score ◽  
Nonmusic Majors ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between world music preferences and multicultural attitudes of nonmusic-major undergraduate students. The World Music Preference Inventory (WMPI) and the Multicultural Attitude Inventory (MAI) were administered to 50 undergraduate nonmusic majors. Two scores were determined from the WMPI (composite preference and composite correct identification) for eight world music style categories: Africa, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Middle East, and Thailand. No significant correlations were found between the composite preference score and composite correct identification score. There was, however, a significant correlation between the composite preference score and the composite MAI score. Furthermore, significant correlations were found among the preference subscores of all style categories, indicating that subjects' preferences for the eight world musical style categories were similar. Analyses revealed that there was a significantly higher degree of preference for instrumental excerpts than for vocal excerpts.

Comparing Continuous versus Static Measurements in Music Listeners' Preferences

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth V. Brittin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Continuous Response ◽  
Preference Ratings ◽  
Nonmusic Majors

In this investigation, we compared listeners' preferential ratings of art music, derived by conventional static ratings taken through 10-point Likert-type scales, and continuous ratings taken throughout the duration of each excerpt with a Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI). Music majors (n = 100) and non-music majors (n − 100) rated twelve excerpts of Western art music, including three substyles (Baroque, Romantic, and 20th-century) and three performance media (strings, keyboard, and winds). Music majors' preference ratings were significantly higher than were nonmusic majors' preference ratings. Although no significant effect was found due to using the CRDI or static rating scale, there was a significant interaction between type of measurement and major. Music majors' static and continuous ratings were similar; however, nonmusic majors' continuous ratings were noticeably higher than were static ratings. Nonmusic majors using the CRDI averaged almost one Likert-scale rating higher than those using the static measure.

Personality and world music preference of undergraduate non-music majors in South Korea and the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-625
Author(s):  
Hyesoo Yoo ◽  
Sangmi Kang ◽  
Victor Fung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Preference Rating ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nonmusic Majors

We investigated contributors of undergraduate nonmusic majors’ preferences for world musics, specifically those from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Drawing upon the reciprocal feedback model as a theoretical framework, we determined the extent to which predictor variables (familiarity with the music, personality, and music absorption) were related to music preference. Participants were 401 undergraduate nonmusic majors from South Korea ( n = 208) and the USA ( n = 183). Participants took an online survey via Qualtrics that included demographic information, the World Musics Preference Rating Scale, the Big-Five Inventory, and the Absorption in Music Scale. Results indicated that, familiarity, followed by openness to experience, was the strongest predictor of participants’ preferences for world musics. For the U.S. participants, familiarity, followed by openness to experience, was the strongest predictor of participants’ preference for musics from each continent. By contrast, for the South Korean participants, although familiarity was also the strongest predictor for African, Latin American, and Asian musics, openness to experience was not consistently the second strongest contributor. For African music, openness to experience was ranked second; for Latin American and Asian music, agreeableness and music absorption were ranked second, respectively.

Musical pantophagy: Is there an effect on changes in preference resulting from repeated exposure?

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562098729
Author(s):  
Rebecca R Johnston ◽  
Gina M Childers
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Preference Rating ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Music Consumption ◽  
Post Test

The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of musical pantophagy, classical music consumption, and initial receptivity to select musical examples on changes in preference rating resulting from a program of repeated exposure. Participants included undergraduate students enrolled in a section of music appreciation at a large Southeastern university ( n = 67). Data were collected using a research designed preference rating measure (PRM) administered during a 5-week period within which there were eight test measures. Participants were divided into quartiles. Pre- to post-test measures resulted in a general positive trend for all participants. Comparisons of Q1 (lowest pantophagy) and Q3 (highest pantophagy) on PRMs 1–8 yielded no differences between groups, and PRM 8 was significantly different from PRM 1 for both groups. The same comparisons for Q1 (non-Classical music consumption) indicated significant difference with large effect size and for Q1 (lowest initial receptivity) indicated significant difference. Results suggest that regardless of musical pantophagy, repetition is an effective means by which to increase affective response to music, and that students who do not currently consume formal art music and who have low initial receptivity may report greater increases in affective response to music over time.

scholarly journals Individual Differences and Similarities in the Judgement of Facial Pain: A Mixed Method Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1186-1194
Author(s):  
Sheila Glenn ◽  
Helen Poole ◽  
Paula Oulton
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Numerical Rating

Accurate assessment of pain by health-care professionals is essential to ensure optimal management of pain. An under-researched area is whether personality characteristics affect perception of pain in others. The aims were (a) to determine whether individual differences are associated with participants’ ability to assess pain, and (b) to determine facial cues used in the assessment of pain. One hundred and twenty-eight undergraduate students participated. They completed questionnaire assessments of empathy, pain catastrophizing, sensory sensitivity and emotional intelligence. They then viewed and rated four adult facial images (no, medium, and high pain—12 images total) using a 0–10 numerical rating scale, and noted the reasons for their ratings. (a) Empathy was the only characteristic associated with accuracy of pain assessment. (b) Descriptions of eyes and mouth, and eyes alone were most commonly associated with assessment accuracy. This was the case despite variations in the expression of pain in the four faces. Future studies could evaluate the effect on accuracy of pain assessment of (a) training empathic skills for pain assessment, and (b) emphasizing attention to the eyes, and eyes and mouth.

scholarly journals Development of the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory in Collegiate Athletes and Nonathletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick G. Mack ◽  
Brian G. Ragan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Context: The assessment of an individual's mental toughness would assist clinicians in enhancing an individual's performance, improving compliance with the rehabilitation program, and improving the individual treatment program. However, no sound measure of mental toughness exists. Objective: To develop a new measure of mental toughness, the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory (MeBTough). Design: Participants were invited to complete a 45-item questionnaire. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 261 undergraduate students were recruited to complete the questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Rasch-calibrated item difficulties, fit statistics, and persons' mental toughness ability estimates were examined for model-data fit of the MeBTough. Results: Forty-three of the 45 items had good model-data fit with acceptable fit statistics. Results indicated that the distribution of items was fittingly targeted to the people and the collapsed rating scale functioned well. The item separation index (6.31) and separation reliability statistic (.98) provided evidence that the items had good variability with a high degree of confidence in replicating placement of the items from another sample. Conclusions: Results provided support for using the new measure of mental, emotional, and bodily toughness.

scholarly journals Impact of Mathematics Anxiety on Undergraduate Mathematics Students in a Gulf Country

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maitham AlMuharraqi ◽  
George Toworfe
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Undergraduate Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Assessments ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Mars Model ◽  
Gulf Country

Mathematics anxiety has been established to negatively influence students’ learning experiences in Mathematics. There is, however, no data available on this condition in undergraduate students in any of the Gulf countries in the region. This study therefore seeks to bridge the knowledge gap about how Mathematics anxiety influences learners in undergraduate Mathematics programmed in a GCC country. Researchers constructed a measurement scale comprising two sections: where the first section addresses Mathematics anxiety among undergraduate leaners in the course of studying mathematics and the second section relates to the levels of anxiety exhibited by learners when taking assessments. The scale was modified from the original Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) model. The data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics and onesample t-test at 95% level of confidence. The results suggest that most learners exhibit high to extreme levels of anxiety while taking Mathematics assessments, whereas they showed moderate to low levels of Mathematics anxiety while studying Mathematics, although some of the learners did exhibit extreme anxiety levels while studying the subject.

scholarly journals Investigating the Linkage Between Proactive Personality and Social Support on Career Adaptability Amidst Undergraduate Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Olawole Olanre Fawehinmi ◽  
Khulida Kirana Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Career Adaptability

Purpose: This paper studies the linkage between proactive personality and social support with career adaptability amidst final year undergraduate students at a university in the northern region of Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: 257 questionnaires were distributed but only 188 were received and analysed. Regression analysis was used to determine the linkage relating proactive personality and social support with career adaptability. Findings: Results indicates there is positive relationship and significance relating proactive personality and career adaptability. Likewise, positive relationship and significance exist relating social support and career adaptability. Implications/Originality/Value: Proactive personality and social support are variables which essentially influence career adaptability among students. This result gives implication on how career advisors, lecturers and parents can channel efforts in making fresh graduates highly adaptable in their chosen careers.

scholarly journals The Development of Indicators for Transformational Leadership of Undergraduate Students at Thailand National Sports University

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Thitipong Sukdee
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Fit Index

This paper develops indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University. The development of these indicators was based on in-depth interviews with six informants. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview form. The data collected were inductively analyzed. The development of indicators was accomplished through the synthesis of the data and the conceptual framework for this research investigation. Evaluate indicators of Accuracy Standard Propriety Standard with of five experts was compared with the principle of 3.50, using the research instrument was an Evaluation Form and thence the verification of the quality of the congruence of the indicators. The sample population consisted of 4 5 0 undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports. The research instrument was a rating-scale questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized in conjunction with reliance on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique. Findings were as follows: 1) In regard to the development of indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University, results were as follows: The aspect of idealized influence engendered eight keywords and twenty-two subtopics. The aspect of inspiration motivation exhibited six keywords and thirteen subtopics. The aspect of intellectual motivation evinced six keywords and fourteen subtopics. The aspect of individualized consideration displayed five keywords and eleven subtopics. 2) Assessing indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University All aspects were significantly higher than the threshold 3.50 at the .05 level. 3) The development of indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University were found to have twenty-five indicators. The verification of the quality of appropriateness for the indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University showed that chi-square (χ2) was at 552.93; (probability-value [p-value] at 0.000); degrees of freedom (df) at 271; relative χ2 at 2.04; goodness of fit index (GFI) at 0.91; adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) at 0.90; Normal Fit Index (NFI) at 0.99; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) at 0.99 and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) at 0.04. It is concluded that transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports is consistent with empirical data.

scholarly journals Relationship between Math Teachers’ Instructional Styles and Their Educational Philosophical Backgrounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ercan Atasoy ◽  
Selami Yangın ◽  
Hüseyin Tolu
Keyword(s):  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Teaching Styles ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Preference Rating ◽  
Math Teachers ◽  
Instructional Styles

The governance of a particular educational philosophy is indispensable for any developed nation in the sense of ruling and governing over its current and future political sociology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between mathematics teachers' applied instructional styles and their identified educational philosophical backgrounds. The study was conducted on 124 math teachers working in secondary schools during the 2016-2017 education years. This study aims to use a quantitative research method through the "Philosophical Preference Rating Scale" and the "Teaching Style Scale". The evidence indicates that teachers prefer personal model the most and authoritative teaching style the least. However, it is also determined that these teachers have predominantly experimentalist philosophical backgrounds. The least preferred philosophical approach is the existentialist understanding. In addition, teachers are able to predict their teaching styles, especially from idealistic, realistic, and perennial philosophical points. These indications inform us further on how and why the means of education system has remained much the same while education policies have been reformed many times throughout the recent years in Turkey.

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