Factors and Abilities Influencing Achievement in Instrumental Jazz Improvisation

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissa F. May
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Aural Skills ◽  
Jazz Improvisation ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Jazz Ensembles ◽  
Wind Players ◽  
Single Construct ◽  
Jazz Theory

The primary purposes of this study were to identify factors underlying instrumental jazz improvisation achievement and to examine the extent to which knowledge of jazz theory, aural skills, aural imitation, and selected background variables predict achievement in instrumental jazz improvisation. Subjects were 73 undergraduate wind players enrolled in college jazz ensembles at five midwestern universities in the United States. Results indicated that objective measurement of instrumental jazz improvisation is possible on expressive as well as technical dimensions. Factor analysis revealed only one factor, suggesting that instrumental jazz improvisation is a single construct. Stepwise multiple regression revealed self evaluation of improvisation as the single best predictor of achievement in instrumental jazz improvisation with aural imitation ability as the second best predictor.

Voting Behavior on the United States Courts of Appeals Revisited

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Goldman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Courts Of Appeals ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Appeals Courts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In an earlier study of voting behavior of U.S. appeals courts judges, attitudinal patterns were investigated along with an analysis of the relationship of judges' backgrounds to their decisions. In this revisit, the earlier findings were treated as hypotheses and tested with a new case population covering a subsequent and longer time period. In all, 2,115 cases decided nonunanimously were coded on one or more issues. Most cases could be classified under ten broad issue categories which were then utilized for most of the analyses. Although the research design was similar to that of the earlier study, a wider variety of methods was employed including nonparametric and parametric intercorrelations of voting behavior on the ten issues and stepwise multiple regression and partial correla-tion analyses of seven background variables and their relationships to voting behavior on the issues. The principal findings were similar to those found earlier but it was possible to map voting behavior with some-what more precision and to uncover some unexpected relationships such as those concerning the potency of the age variable particularly for voting on political liberalism issues.

Predicting Collegiate Wind Players’ Practice Efficiency, Flow, and Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Leonard Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Horn ◽  
Music Programs ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Wind Players ◽  
Practice Efficiency

The purpose of this study was to determine whether students’ practice efficiency, flow during practicing, and self-efficacy for self-regulation varied as a function of their practice tendencies, their tendencies toward self-evaluation, their self-regulatory tendencies to be self-reflective when practicing, tendencies to exhibit grit in their learning, and their teachers’ methods of instruction in practicing. Participants were 52 studio lesson teachers and 241 of their students from 25 large collegiate music programs in the United States. Both the teachers and students represented a diverse range of instruments: flute, oboe, bassoon, clarinet, saxophone, French horn, trumpet, trombone, euphonium, and tuba. The data for this study were self-reports collected via online questionnaires. Findings indicated that of the five predictor variables examined, only two—students’ tendencies to exhibit grit in their learning and their tendencies to be reflective about their practicing—were consistently related to the three outcome variables. Furthermore, all outcome variables were significantly related to one another.

Melodic Dictation Instruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan O. Buonviri ◽  
Andrew S. Paney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Aural Skills ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Melodic Dictation

Based on relevant literature and recent qualitative findings, the purpose of this survey research was to identify pedagogical approaches to melodic dictation employed by Advanced Placement (AP) Music Theory teachers across the United States. The researcher-designed survey questions focused on pitch and rhythm skills, instructional resources, dictation strategies, test-taking skills, and characteristics of successful dictation students. The survey was distributed online to a stratified random sample of 875 AP Music Theory teachers across the United States. Of these recipients, 398 participants from 49 states and the District of Columbia completed the survey, yielding a 45.5% return rate. Results indicated that teachers preferred pitch systems that emphasized scale degree function and rhythm systems that emphasized the meter. Participants also reported the influence of the AP exam on their dictation teaching and described their need for additional instructional time and better preparation for teaching aural skills. Suggestions for further research include similar studies of other populations, including high school teachers of other theory courses and college theory instructors.

Comparison of professional values of Taiwanese and United States nursing students

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 917-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danita Alfred ◽  
Susan Yarbrough ◽  
Pam Martin ◽  
Janice Mink ◽  
Yu-Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nurse Educators ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Working Together

Globalization is a part of modern life. Sharing a common set of professional nursing values is critical in this global environment. The purpose of this research was to examine the professional values of nursing students from two distinct cultural perspectives. Nurse educators in Taiwan partnered with nurse educators in the United States to compare professional values of their respective graduating nursing students. The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics served as the philosophical framework for this examination. The convenience sample comprised 94 Taiwanese students and 168 US students. Both groups reported high scores on an overall measure of values. They did differ substantially on the relative importance of individual items related to advocacy, competence, education, self-evaluation, professional advancement, and professional associations. Global implications for the collaborative practice of nurses from different cultures working together can be improved by first recognizing and then attending to these differences in value priorities.

Ophthalmologic considerations in using antimalarials in the United States

Lupus ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 73-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I Rynes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Manufacturer ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
Amsler Grid ◽  
Favorable Safety

Ophthalmologic considerations continue to be important in the use of antimalarials. In the United States, hydroxychloroquine is prescribed much more frequently than chloroquine. Despite the favorable safety record, potential retinal problems cause patients to often be afraid to take antimalarial medicine. Ophthalmologic visits are recommended every three months by the drug manufacturer, but most often are scheduled every six months by physicians. Ophthalmologic examination includes questioning about visual symptoms, visual acuity tests, careful fundoscopic evaluation and a visual field assessment. Amsler grid self evaluation is not yet wide-spread.

Vocal Improvisation and Creative Thinking by Australian and American University Jazz Singers A Factor Analytic Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Madura Ward-Steinman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jazz Improvisation ◽  
American University ◽  
Free Improvisation ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Factor Analytic Study ◽  
Musical Background ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, the author investigated factors underlying vocal improvisation achievement and relationships with the singers' musical background. Participants were 102 college students in Australia and the United States who performed 3 jazz improvisations and 1 free improvisation. Jazz improvisations were rated on rhythmic, tonal, and creative thinking criteria; free improvisations were rated only on creativity criteria. The results are as follows: (a) A significant difference was found between jazz and free improvisation achievement; (b) extensive jazz experience, especially study and listening, was found to be significantly correlated with vocal improvisation achievement; (c) 3 factors were found to underlie jazz improvisation: jazz syntax, vocal creativity, and tonal musicianship; and (d) 3 factors were found to underlie free improvisation: musical syntax, vocal creativity, and scat syllable creativity.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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