Relationships among Young Children's Aural Perception, Listening Condition, and Accurate Reading of Graphic Listening Maps

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Eastlund Gromko ◽  
Christine Russell
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Elementary Children ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Listening Condition ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Aural Discrimination ◽  
Accurate Reading

The purpose of our study was to explore relationships among children's aural perception, music listening condition, and the accuracy of children's reading of listening maps. The aural discrimination skills of 41 elementary children were tested using the Intermediate Measures of Musical Audiation (IMMA). The children were then systematically assigned to one of three listening conditions: passive, unstructured active, or structured active. After listening to European art music according to their assigned condition, every child traced a graphic listening map while listening to the music a second time. Results of an ANCOVA with accuracy of map reading as the dependent variable, listening condition as factor, and IMMA as covariate, showed a significant effect for the IMMA [F (1, 37) = 8.86, p < .01], but no significant effect for listening condition. In a separate analysis, IMMA scores were shown to be related to piano experience. When group means for accuracy of map reading were compared by piano experience, children with piano experience had a significantly higher mean accuracy score of 48.25, SD = 18.75 (n = 16) compared to children with no piano experience, M = 32.44, SD = 17.39 (n = 25), t = 2.76, p < .01. Our results support previous research in which investigators found that music experience explained accuracy of music-reading ability in children and adults.

Does Perceptual-Motor Performance Enhance Perception of Patterned Art Music?

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Gromko ◽  
Allison Smith Poorman
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Reading Group ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Performance Enhance ◽  
Perceptual Motor Performance

The purpose of this study was to compare children's ability to perceive form in patterned art music after listening to music under one of two conditions: map-reading versus perceptual-motor performance. Twenty-nine upper-elementary children from a private school in a midwestem city in America participated in the study, with 15 children in the map-reading group and 14 in the perceptual-motor group. Map-reading children scored a mean of 6.80 (SD = 2.96) out of a possible 12 points on the Form Perception test; children from the perceptual-motor performance condition scored a mean of 9.93 (SD = 1.54). A Mann-Whitney test on Form Perception scores by group yielded U = 175.5, p < .01. Children in the perceptual-motor group, who mirrored the teacher in performance of kinesthetic analogues while listening to patterned art music and who assembled a visual listening map, were significantly better at perception of the form in patterned art music. A regression of Form Perception scores on Age (y = − 5.01 + 0.10x) was significant, F (1, 13) = 8.14, p < .05, for the map-reading group. That is, Form Perception scores for younger children in the map-reading group were lower than those for older children. Whereas the sign of the slope was also positive for the perceptual-motor group (y = 4.96 + 0.04x), the relationship of Form Perception scores to Age was not significant, F (1, 12) = 3.30, n.s. The significant effect of Age in the map-reading group suggests that merely reading the listening map may not be sufficient for perception of form in younger children. Children who are still developing reading and memory skills may benefit from perceptual-motor involvement during music listening.

The Effect of Repetition on Tempo Preferences of Elementary Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Moskovitz
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Elementary Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Preferences ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of repeated listenings on children's preferences between selected slow and fast excerpts of art music. The sample consisted of fourth graders from a South Carolina elementary school After a pretest given to control and experimental groups, the experimental groups were exposed to repeated slow excerpts played in comparison to single presentations of different “transitory ” fast examples drawn from baroque, classical, romantic, and atonal styles. The control group duplicated this procedure with the exception that both slow and fast listening examples were always “transitory.” The proportions of control and experimental group preferences were statistically analyzed, and significant results were obtained. The experimental group exceeded the control group in its choices of slow excerpts in all style categories tested. Repetition had a positive effect on children's preferences for slow music.

Music in the Air—Listening in the Streets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Morat
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Concert Music ◽  
City Life ◽  
Big City ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Urban Leisure

The history of music listening has focused mainly on art music and the cultivated listeners of the educated classes. But the nineteenth century saw not only the rise of concert music and its middle- and upper-class audiences, it also witnessed the “popular music revolution” in European and North American cities and metropolises. By drawing on the example of turn-of-the-century Berlin, this chapter explores the place of popular music within modern urban leisure culture. The chapter investigates the different venues and locations in which popular music was performed and consumed (dance halls, café terraces, amusements parks, street corners, and so on). Then it focuses on the ways in which popular music was listened to and appropriated by urbanites and how these urban-listening habits facilitated the process of mental adaptation to big-city life and the development of a metropolitan mentality.

Flexibility in the Use of Graphic and Contextual Information by Good and Poor Readers

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Schwartz ◽  
Keith E. Stanovich
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Single Letter ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Actual Stimulus ◽  
Good And Poor Readers ◽  
Accurate Reading

Two studies are reported that investigate the use of graphic and contextual information in word recognition. Subjects orally read stories that contained ten words that were altered by substituting a single letter, so that another word was formed that was anomalous within the sentence. The critical dependent variable was the proportion of times the subject read the contextually appropriate word rather than the actual stimulus word. The first study used different orienting instructions to manipulate subjects' response set. In the second experiment, instructions for either contextually appropriate reading or accurate reading were given in order to examine the relationships between information processing demands and reading ability. The results indicated that good and poor readers were equally able to conform to task demands for contextually appropriate reading responses, but poor readers were less able to suppress contextual information when accurate reading was required.

scholarly journals THE THREE KEYS TO A MUSICAL TREASURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Keyword(s):  
Classical Music ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Musical Perception ◽  
Musical Taste ◽  
Musical Heritage

The role of music in the upbringing of a harmoniously developed generation is invaluable. Unlike other forms of art, music is a miraculous tool capable of activating a person’s most delicate feelings, emotions, and rich emotional reserves in a person. This article presents the pedagogical aspects of the formation of personality in the lessons of music culture, suggestions on the use of national melodies, the opportunities of our musical heritage, and suggestions on the use of Uzbek classical music in the development of artistic taste of future music teachers. The three aspects of musical activity, namely the ability to listen to music, musical taste, and musical sensitivity, are analyzed as factors that determine the extent to which a music listener or performer’s overall artistic taste has developed. Keywords: music, sound, aesthetic education, piece of music, listening to music, musical taste, musical perception, rhythm, timbre, artistic taste.

Cognitive correlates of map-reading ability

Intelligence ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Jeanne Sholl ◽  
Howard E. Egeth
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Cognitive Correlates
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