Effects of Mental Practice, Physical Practice, and Knowledge of Results on Piano Performance

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don D. Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Practice ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Piano Performance ◽  
Knowledge Of Results

Mental Practice and Knowledge of Results in the Learning of a Perceptual Motor Skill

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Zecker
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
And Control

Although mental practice has often been demonstrated to result in improved learning of a motor skill, theoretical accounts of the reasons for this improvement are lacking. The present experiment examined the role of knowledge of results (KR) in motor skill learning, because KR is believed to be crucial to such learning, yet is lacking during mental practice. Subjects in four conditions (mental practice, physical practice, physical practice without KR, and control), tossed beanbags at a target. Results showed that of the four conditions, mental practice showed the largest performance increment, whereas physical practice showed a decrement attributed to massed practice without adequate rest periods. Results suggest that (a) knowledge of results is not always essential for improved performance; (b) mental practice is most beneficial following sufficient experience with the task; and (c) mental practice may be best suited for a massed practice learning situation.

Mental Practice Combined With Physical Practice to Enhance Upper Extremity Functional Ability Poststroke: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Anas R. Alashram ◽  
Giuseppe Annino ◽  
Mohammed Al-qtaishat ◽  
Elvira Padua
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stroke Population ◽  
Treatment Dosage

Background: Upper extremity deficits are one of the most common impairments in individuals with stroke. Mental practice is exercised cognitively in the absence of the physical trials. The effects of the combination of mental and physical practice remain unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of combined physical practice and mental practice on the upper extremity functional ability poststroke, to identify which stroke population is most likely to benefit from the intervention, and to determine the effective treatment dosage. Methods: We searched in the PubMed, SCOPUS, National Rehabilitation Information REHABDATA, PEDro, and Web of Science until February 2020. Randomized clinical trials examined the effects of combined physical practice and mental practice on the upper extremity functional ability in people with a stroke. The risk of bias was evaluated and the effect sizes were calculated. Results: Nine studies met our inclusion criteria. In total, 230 stroke survivors were included in this analysis (mean age: 60.84 years). This review found that combining physical practice and mental practice has beneficial effects in improving the upper extremity functional ability poststroke. Conclusion: Combining physical practice and mental practice improves the upper extremity functional ability poststroke, this improvement can extend for 3 months after the treatment intervention. We propose that using 30 to 60 min of physical practice followed by 30 min of mental practice, 2 to 3 times weekly for 6 to 10 weeks, may give meaningful effects in individuals with stroke.

The Efficacy of Combined Physical and Mental Practice in the Learning of a Foot-Sequence Task after Stroke: A Case Report

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Jackson ◽  
Julien Doyon ◽  
Carol L. Richards ◽  
Francine Malouin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Average Response Time ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Study Setting

Objective. To investigate the effect of mental practice on the learning of a sequential task for the lower limb in a patient with a hemiparesis resulting from a stroke. Design. A single-case study. Setting. Research laboratory of a university-affiliated rehabilitation center. Patient. A right-handed 38-year-old man who had suffered a left hemorrhagic subcortical stroke 4 months prior. Intervention. The patient practiced a serial response time task with the lower limb in 3 distinct training phases over a period of 5 weeks: 2 weeks of physical practice, 1 week of combined physical and mental practice, and then 2 weeks of mental practice alone. Main Outcome Measures. Performance on the task measured through errors and response times. Imagery abilities measured through questionnaires. Results . The patient’s average response time improved significantly during the 1st 5 days of physical practice (26%) but then failed to show further improvement during the following week of physical practice. The combination of mental and physical practice during the 3rd week yielded additional improvement (10.3%), whereas the following 2 weeks of mental practice resulted in a marginal increase in performance (2.2%). Conclusion. The findings show that mental practice, when combined with physical practice, can improve the performance of a sequential motor skill in people who had a stroke, and suggest that mental practice could play a role in the retention of newly acquired abilities.

Immediate effects of adding mental practice to physical practice on the gait of individuals with Parkinson’s disease: Randomized clinical trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenna Marques de Melo Santiago ◽  
Daniel Antunes de Oliveira ◽  
Louise Gabriella Lopes de Macêdo Ferreira ◽  
Hyanne Yasmim de Brito Pinto ◽  
Ana Paula Spaniol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Physical Practice

“Inner” Darts: Effects of Mental Practice on Performance of Dart Throwing

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Mendoza ◽  
Harvey Wichman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Mental Rehearsal ◽  
Practice Group ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Motor Movements

To explore the effects of mental rehearsal on the performance of a motor skill, 32 college undergraduates were scored on dart-throwing ability and randomly assigned to one of 4 practice conditions: no-practice controls, mental rehearsal only, mental rehearsal with simulated dart-throwing motor movements, and direct physical practice. Following 6 days of mental or physical practice by the experimental groups, the performance level on the dart-throwing task was again measured for all subjects. Comparison of improvement showed statistically significant differences between the groups. Follow-up tests showed that all experimental groups differed significantly from the no-practice group, there were no significant differences between mental practice groups and direct physical practice resulted in improvements significantly higher than any other form of practice.

Effect of Mental Practice Combined with Physical Practice on Balance in the Community-Dwelling Elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenna Batson ◽  
Rebecca Feltman ◽  
Chris McBride ◽  
Jennifer Waring
Keyword(s):  
Mental Practice ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Practice
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