Nonparametric smoothing in the analysis of air pollution and respiratory illness

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Nonparametric Smoothing

scholarly journals Assessing the Respiratory Effects of Air Pollution from Biomass Cookstoves on Pregnant Women in Rural India

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Raj Parikh ◽  
Sowmya R. Rao ◽  
Rakesh Kukde ◽  
George T. O'Connor ◽  
Archana Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Central India ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Rural India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Respiratory Effects

Background: In India, biomass fuel is burned in many homes under inefficient conditions, leading to a complex milieu of particulate matter and environmental toxins known as household air pollution (HAP). Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable as they and their fetus may suffer from adverse consequences of HAP. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noninvasive, underutilized tool that can serve as a surrogate for airway inflammation. We evaluated the prevalence of respiratory illness, using pulmonary questionnaires and FeNO measurements, among pregnant women in rural India who utilize biomass fuel as a source of energy within their home. Methods: We prospectively studied 60 pregnant women in their 1st and 2nd trimester residing in villages near Nagpur, Central India. We measured FeNO levels in parts per billion (ppb), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) scores, and the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale. We evaluated the difference in the outcome distributions between women using biomass fuels and those using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) using two-tailed t-tests. Results: Sixty-five subjects (32 in Biomass households; 28 in LPG households; 5 unable to complete) were enrolled in the study. Age, education level, and second-hand smoke exposure were comparable between both groups. FeNO levels were higher in the Biomass vs. LPG group (25.4 ppb vs. 8.6 ppb; p-value = 0.001). There was a difference in mean composite SGRQ-C score (27.1 Biomass vs. 10.8 LPG; p-value < 0.001) including three subtotal scores for Symptoms (47.0 Biomass vs. 20.2 LPG; p-value< 0.001), Activity (36.4 Biomass vs. 16.5 LPG; p-value < 0.001) and Impact (15.9 Biomass vs. 5.2 LPG; p-value < 0.001). The mMRC Dyspnea Scale was higher in the Biomass vs. LPG group as well (2.9 vs. 0.5; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased FeNO levels and higher dyspnea scores in biomass-fuel-exposed subjects confirm the adverse respiratory effects of this exposure during pregnancy. More so, FeNO may be a useful, noninvasive biomarker of inflammation that can help better understand the physiologic effects of biomass smoke on pregnant women. In the future, larger studies are needed to characterize the utility of FeNO in a population exposed to HAP.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Health and Wealth Benefits of Reducing Point Source Pollution: The Case of the Sugar Industry in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13252
Author(s):  
Sanaullah Panezai ◽  
Ubaid Ali ◽  
Alam Zeb ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Ayat Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution is among the major causes of death and disease all around the globe. The prime impact of ambient air pollution is on the lungs through the respiratory system. This study aims to estimate the health cost due to air pollution from a Sugar Mill in the Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. To determine the impact of pollution on respiratory illness, primary data were collected from 1141 individuals from 200 households living within a 3 km radius of the mill. The Household Production Method was used to drive the reduced-form Dose–Response Function and the Mitigation Cost Function for assessing the impact of pollution on health and then estimating the monetary cost associated with mitigating such illnesses. The results indicate that about 60% of the respondents living in the surrounding area of the mill suffered from different respiratory illnesses. The study estimates that by reducing the suspended particulate matter (SPM) level by 50%, the expected annual welfare gains to an individual living within a 3 km radius of the mill are US $20.21. The whole community residing within a 3 km radius of the mill will enjoy an estimated welfare gain of PKR. 70.67 million (US $0.511 million). If the pollution standard limits prescribed by the World Health Organization are followed, the expected monetary benefits to all the individuals living within a 3 km radius of the mill are PKR. 114.48 million (US $0.27 million) annually.

scholarly journals Problems of monitoring indoor air pollution and control in slums of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal-An appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1019
Author(s):  
Tapasi Das
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
And Control

Abstract: The slum dwellers suffer from a lot of problems in day to day life in terms of socio-cultural and economic environment. They can not avail proper education due to poor economic condition and uncertainty in livelihood and thus have to choose different indoor economic activities. As per 2011 census, the total population of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality is 424,368 with population density of 1574/Km2.The slum dwellers live overcrowding in lightless suffocating and unhygienic places and many of them suffer from poor indoor air quality (IAQ). As a result they have to face different health hazards like respiratory illness, lung disease, skin disease, eye dryness etc. In this paper, an enquiry has been conducted to highlight the present condition of indoor air pollution of the slum area of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality and also focus on the problems of monitoring indoor air pollution and its control. Keywords: health hazards, IAQ, suffocating and unhygienic places

scholarly journals Traffic Air Pollution and Other Risk Factors for Respiratory Illness in Schoolchildren in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 1478-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Adetoun Mustapha ◽  
Marta Blangiardo ◽  
David J. Briggs ◽  
Anna L. Hansell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region

Air pollution and respiratory illness of children in Sao Paulo, Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Martins ◽  
Farhat ◽  
Pope ◽  
Conceicao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo

Outdoor Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Respiratory Illness in Greater Tunis District, between 2007 and 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
Hedia Bellali* ◽  
Chahida Harizi ◽  
Aicha Hechaichi ◽  
Refka Zaghouani ◽  
Nissaf Ben Alaya
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution

scholarly journals Respiratory illness and air pollution from the steel industry: the case of Piquiá de Baixo, Brazil (Preliminary report)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Valenti ◽  
Paolo Pozzi ◽  
Alessandra Busia ◽  
Roberto Mazza ◽  
Paolo Bossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Respiratory Illness

Dealing with air pollution in Latin America: the case of Quito, Ecuador

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORGE JURADO ◽  
DOUGLAS SOUTHGATE
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Primary Focus

Located in a high Andean valley, Ecuador's capital city suffers from severe air pollution, emitted by manufacturing plants as well as motor vehicles. Improving air quality would result in diminished respiratory illness, which currently costs Quito's residents several millions of dollars annually in lost earnings and medical expenditures. Technology transfer has succeeded in reducing industrial emissions at a modest cost. But diesel-fueled trucks and buses, which are a major source of various pollutants, have been the primary focus of the local government's strategy for air quality improvement. To date, that strategy has met with some success, although future initiatives will involve higher abatement expenses and therefore will test the commitment of municipal authorities and the citizens they represent to pollution control.

scholarly journals 17 AN ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION ADD RESPIRATORY ILLNESS

Epidemiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. S10
Author(s):  
M E Gordian ◽  
S Morris ◽  
H Huelsman ◽  
A Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution
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