The Effects of Myxobolus cerebralis Myxospore Dose on Triactinomyxon Production and Biology of Tubifex tubifex from Two Geographic Regions

2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stevens ◽  
B. L. Kerans ◽  
J. C. Lemmon ◽  
Charlotte Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Geographic Regions

scholarly journals Prevalence and susceptibility of infection to Myxobolus cerebralis, and genetic differences among populations of Tubifex tubifex

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Beauchamp ◽  
M Gay ◽  
GO Kelley ◽  
M El-Matbouli ◽  
RD Kathman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis

The demise of a class of protists: taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions proposed for the protest phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kent ◽  
L. Margolis ◽  
J. O. Corliss
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Aquatic Oligochaetes ◽  
As Species ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Myxosporean Species ◽  
Species Inquirendae

The phylum Myxozoa has been considered to comprise two classes, Myxosporea Bütschli, 1881 (primarily of fishes) and Actinosporea Noble in Levine et al., 1980 (primarily of aquatic oligochaetes). About 10 years ago it was demonstrated that the life cycle of Myxobolus cerebralis Hofer, 1903 (Myxobolidae: Platysporina) of salmonid fishes requires transformation of the myxosporean into an actinosporean stage in the oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Tubificidae), and that the stage infective to fish is the actinosporean spore. This type of two-host life cycle has now been demonstrated or strongly implicated for 14 myxosporean species, belonging to 6 genera in 4 families. In light of these findings, the taxonomy of the Myxozoa is revised. We propose the following: suppression of the newer class Actinosporea and the order Actinomyxidia Štolc, 1899; and suppression of all families in the Actinosporea except Tetractinomyxidae. This family and its one genus, Tetractinomyxon Ikeda, 1912, are transferred to the order Multivalvulida Shulman, 1959 (Myxosporea). We also propose that actinosporean generic names be treated as collective-group names, thus they do not compete in priority with myxosporean generic names. Triactinomyxon dubium Granata, 1924 and Triactinomyxon gyrosalmo Wolf and Markiw, 1984 are suppressed as junior synonyms of Myxobolus cerebralis. The myxosporean stage of no other previously named actinosporean has been identified. Other actinosporean species are therefore retained as species inquirendae until their myxosporean stages are identified. A revised description of the phylum Myxozoa is provided that includes our proposed taxonomic and nomenclatural changes.

scholarly journals Whirling disease in the Crowsnest River: an emerging threat to wild salmonids in Alberta

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Clayton T. James ◽  
Marie F. Veillard ◽  
Amanda M. Martens ◽  
Emmanuel A. Pila ◽  
Alyssa Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Whirling Disease ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Study Sites

We provide the first documented case of whirling disease (WD) impacts to wild, self-sustaining rainbow trout (RNTR, Oncorynchus mykiss) populations in Canada. Myxobolus cerebralis (Mc), the causative agent of WD, was first confirmed in Alberta in 2016. However, evidence of disease in local fish populations was unknown. Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we examined multiple parasite life cycle stages in the Crowsnest River, Alberta. Percentage of infected Tubifex tubifex worms actively shedding triactinomyxons (TAMs) exceeded known thresholds of Mc establishment and TAM densities instream exceeded thresholds known to cause ≥90% declines in RNTR populations. Mc was detected at 5 of 6 study sites in water, fish, and worms. Disease severity was highest in the lower watershed where 100% of sentinel fish tested positive for Mc 7 to 14 days post-exposure; up to 85% of wild fingerling RNTR showed clinical signs of disease and yearling trout were largely absent from the river suggesting reduced survival. Our findings indicate conditions necessary for outbreak of WD exist in Alberta, highlighting the need to consider this disease as an emerging threat to wild salmonid populations.

scholarly journals Interactions among two strains of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa)

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Steinbach Elwell ◽  
BL Kerans ◽  
C Rasmussen ◽  
JR Winton
Keyword(s):  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis

Arrested development of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in certain populations of mitochondrial 16S lineage III Tubifex tubifex

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Baxa ◽  
G. O. Kelley ◽  
K. S. Mukkatira ◽  
K. A. Beauchamp ◽  
C. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Arrested Development ◽  
Myxozoan Parasite

Propagation of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis by different geographic and genetic populations of Tubifex tubifex: An Oregon perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha L. Hallett ◽  
Harriet V. Lorz ◽  
Stephen D. Atkinson ◽  
Charlotte Rasmussen ◽  
Lan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Myxozoan Parasite

Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Whirling Disease ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Dead Fish

<em>ABSTRACT. </em>In Colorado, Windy Gap Reservoir is a focus of <em>Myxobolus cerebralis </em>infectivity of greater intensity than may be explained by the potential contribution of <em>M. cerebralis </em>myxospores by dead fish. One mechanism that would help explain this situation is the expulsion of viable <em>M. cerebralis </em>myxospores by living infected fish. We conducted laboratory experiments to see if <em>Tubifex tubifex</em>, purged of infection by incubation at 26°C for a minimum of 30 d, could become reinfected by exposure to feces and wastes from aquaria containing <em>M. cerebralis</em>-infected brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em>. In two separate experiments, replicate experimental units of <em>T. tubifex </em>were thoroughly infected in this manner. By comparison, evidence of infection in negative control replicates was much weaker in both experiments. It is possible that the purging process used to remove initial infection was not 100% effective, yet the differences between experimental and negative control replicates were dramatic. Positive control replicates, intentionally exposed to harvested myxospores of <em>M. cerebralis</em>, became heavily infected in both experiments. These results strongly support the hypothesis that brown trout are capable of expelling viable <em>M. cerebralis </em>myxospores.

scholarly journals Accelerated deactivation of Myxobolus cerebralis myxospores by susceptible and non-susceptible Tubifex tubifex

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Nehring ◽  
GJ Schisler ◽  
L Chiaramonte ◽  
A Horton ◽  
B Poole
Keyword(s):  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis
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