Efficacy of Moxidectin Oral Gel against Onchocerca cervicalis Microfilariae

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton M. Monahan ◽  
Melanie R. Chapman ◽  
Dennis D. French ◽  
Thomas R. Klei
Keyword(s):  
Onchocerca Cervicalis

scholarly journals Talpa (poll evil): Description of a case

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 6454-2020
Author(s):  
DARIUSZ BEDNAREK ◽  
ROLAND KUSY ◽  
GRZEGORZ TOMCZYK ◽  
JADWIGA ZAGAŃCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Puncture Wound ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Onchocerca Cervicalis ◽  
Nuchal Ligament ◽  
Traditional Term

Talpa (poll evil) is a traditional term for an inflammatory illness of horses that manifests itself in a characteristic swelling on the top of the neck and the back of the horse’s head between the ears, which is caused by infection of the bursa (bursitis) in the neck and progresses to a large abscess at the poll. It starts as an inflamed bursa at the anterior end of the neck between vertebrae and the nuchal ligament, and swells until it presents as a characteristic swelling at the poll. The swelling can increase until it ruptures and drains. There are several causes of talpa, such as injury, irritation of the skin, or a puncture wound, but the most common cause is infection by various bacteria, including but not limited to Brucella abortus accompanied with Actinomyces bovis, as well as Bacteroides fragilis, Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus and even some parasites, such as Onchocerca cervicalis or O. reticulata. Because of the modern efforts to reduce the incidence of brucellosis in livestock, horses are less exposed to Brucella abortus, and hence modern cases of poll evil usually arise from skin trauma due to the horse striking its head against poorly designed or lowclearance structures, or to improper use of equipment, particularly leaving a badly-chosen halter on the horse around the clock. Poll evil is difficult to treat because of the deep-seated nature of the infection. If the bacterial infection of the bursa and nuchal ligament has spread, and purulent discharge is present, antibiotic therapy will be necessary along with hot packs and, possibly, surgery to remove infected and devitalized tissue. The paper presents the aetiopathogenetic background of poll evil and then describes in detail a field case reported in veterinary practice.

Studies on Onchocerca cervicalis Railliet and Henry 1910: II. Pathology in the Horse

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Infected Horse ◽  
Abdominal Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Onchocerca Cervicalis

The pathological effects of adult O. cervicalis on the ligamentum nuchae of infected horses are of minor importance and although small calcified or caseous nodules are sometimes found, chronic inflammatory conditions (poll-evil or fistulous withers) were not seen in the examination of over 120 infected horses. Pathological conditions due to microfilariae, in either the skin or the eyes of the host, were also of little importance and no reactions were seen which could definitely be attributed to the parasite. The only lesions seen on the abdominal skin of an infected horse, closely resembled the lesions of sweet itch which is not connected with the parasite but is probably due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the bites of the midge Culicoides pulicaris.

Studies onOnchocerca cervicalisRailliet and Henry 1910: IV. Behaviour of the vectorCulicoides nubeculosusin relation to the transmission ofOnchocerca cervicalis

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Morning Peak ◽  
Culicoides Nubeculosus ◽  
Onchocerca Cervicalis ◽  
Evening Peak

AbstractCulicoides nubeculosus, the vector ofOnchocerca cervicalis, was found to have two daily peaks of activity when attacking horses in South Hertfordshire. The evening peak occurred just before sunset and was 2–2.5 times as great as the morning peak. Most of the attacking midges (85 %) landed on the ventral mid-line of the horse in an area stretching from the front legs to the sheath or mammae. The attractiveness of the ventral surface of the host was found to be related to illumination and to the arrangement of the host's body hair. 42.1 % of the C.nubeculosuslanding on the host were successful in obtaining a blood meal.

The occurrence of Onchocerca gutturosa Neumann in cattle in England, with an account of its life history and development in Simulium ornatum Mg

Parasitology ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Culicoides Nubeculosus ◽  
Onchocerca Cervicalis ◽  
First Time

1. Onchocerca is recorded for the first time from English-bred cattle.2. A specific diagnosis of O. gutturosa is made, O. bovis being regarded as a synonym. It is suggested that Stiles's description of Filaria lienalis may have referred to this species.3. The microfilariae occur in the skin of infected cows, and blood-sucking flies of the genus Simulium were found to be the vectors.4. Complete development was observed in S. ornatum and partial development in S. erythrocephalum. S. ornatum appears to be a very efficient intermediate host, as over 40 per cent became infected.5. Culicoides nubeculosus, the vector of Onchocerca cervicalis of horses, does not appear to carry the bovine Onchocerca.

Onchocerca cervicalis in Horses from Southern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.T. Marques ◽  
M.L. Scroferneker
Keyword(s):  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Onchocerca Cervicalis

Studies onOnchocerca cervicalisRailliet and Henry 1910: 3. Morphological and taxonomic studies onOnchocerca cervicalisfrom British horses

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Onchocerca Cervicalis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

AbstractDistinct morphological differences were found between microfilariae ofOnchocerca cervicalisin the uterus of the adult and those in the skin of the horse, suggesting that development occurs during migration from the adult worm to the skin.Uterine microfilariae can be divided into two types which represent stages of development not embryonic male and female worms.Skin microfilariae ofO. cervicaliswere readily distinguishable from those ofO. volvulusandO. gutturosa. Morphological comparisons between adult and larvalO. cervicaliscollected during this project with published descriptions ofO. reticulatashow that there is insufficient evidence for their specific separation.The first two papers in this series have dealt with the prevalence ofOnchocerca cervicalisin British horses and with the pathology caused by the parasite to the definitive host. The present paper is concerned with the morphology and taxonomy of the parasite, particularly the microfilarial stage.

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