Host Specificity of Trichostrongylus tenuis from Red Grouse and Northern Bobwhites in Experimental Infections of Northern Bobwhites

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Freehling ◽  
Janice Moore
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Northern Bobwhites ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

The energetic consequences of parasitism: effects of a developing infection of Trichostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda) on red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) energy balance, body weight and condition

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Delahay ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
R. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Synchronous Development ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

SUMMARYThe timing of the energetic consequences of a developing, single-dose infection of Trichostrongylus tenuis larvae was investigated in captive red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. At 12 days post-infection (p.i.), infected birds had a resting metabolic rate 16% greater than controls and thenceforth lost weight at a faster rate than controls. At 16 days p.i. infected birds consumed 38% less energy and excreted 33% less energy than controls. The estimated total daily energy expenditure and energy expended on activity for infected birds at 16 days p.i. were 36% and 83% lower, respectively, than for controls. Infected birds lost condition from 16 days p.i. onwards. The period of energy imbalance at 12–16 days p.i. coincided with development of late 4th-stage larvae into adult worms and the onset of patency. After this, the effects on energy balance diminished. Synchronous development of previously arrested T. tenuis larvae in wild birds in spring probably has similar effects to those reported here and places grouse under conditions of energy imbalance. The observed effects on energy balance provide a possible mechanism by which the parasite can reduce fecundity and survival of infected grouse.

Host specificity and morphometric variation of Haemoproteus meleagridis Levine, 1961 (Protozoa: Haemosporina) in gallinaceous birds

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2634-2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter T. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Northern Bobwhites ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

Haemoproteus meleagridis was transmitted to a ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus L., to a chuckar partridge, Alectoris chuckar (Gray), and to domestic turkeys by the intraperitoneal inoculation of sporozoites from pools of infected Culicoides edeni Wirth and Blanton, 1947, and Culicoides hinmani Khalaf, 1952. Guineafowl, Numida meleagris (L.), northern bobwhites, Colinus virginianus (L.), and chickens, Gallus gallus (L.), were not susceptible. Parasitemias in the infected chuckar and the infected pheasant were lower and more transient than parasitemias in domestic turkeys infected with the same number of sporozoites. Mature gametocytes of Haemoproteus meleagridis were morphologically similar in each susceptible host species. Infected red blood cells in each host species underwent increases in total area and decreases in nuclear size and area. The current taxonomy of Haemoproteus meleagridis is discussed in relation to recent revisions in the taxonomy of the avian hosts.

No Evidence for Resistance to Fenbendazole in Trichostrongylus tenuis, a Nematode Parasite of the Red Grouse

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1799-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cox ◽  
David Newborn ◽  
David Baines ◽  
Christopher J. Thomas ◽  
Thomas N. Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

Development and survival of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus tenuis, a caecal parasite of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Shaw ◽  
R. Moss ◽  
A. W. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

SUMMARYIn the laboratory, yields of infective 3rd-stage larvae of Trichostrongylus tenuis were determined by temperature when moisture was adequate. On the moor, eggs in caecal faeces did not develop to infective larvae during the winter. In summer, development did occur and yields of infective larvae were related to temperature: greatest yields were obtained when mean monthly soil surface temperatures ranged between 76 and 103°C. Rainfall was unimportant, as was desiccation. During summer the mean monthly mortality of infective larvae was 44% but over winter survival was negligible.

Investigations of intermediate host specificity help to elucidate the taxonomic status of Trichobilharzia ocellata (Digenea: Schistosomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KOCK
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Cercarial Dermatitis ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Host Spectrum ◽  
Trichobilharzia Ocellata

The avian schistosomatid Trichobilharzia ocellata plays an important role as causative agent of cercarial dermatitis of humans in Europe. In order to improve the taxonomic knowledge on this parasite, studies of miracidial chemo-orientation as well as experimental infections of different snail species were conducted using strains of T. ocellata and T. franki. Both schistosomes exhibited a high intermediate host specificity. The miracidia clearly preferred the SCW (snail-conditioned water) of the respective natural intermediate host to SCW of other sympatric snail species. T. ocellata proved to be capable of infecting Lymnaea stagnalis and Stagnicola palustris, but could not develop in Radix ovata or R. auricularia. T. franki established an infection in specimens of R. auricularia and R. ovata, but not in L. stagnalis or S. palustris. The results imply that the intermediate host spectrum of T. ocellata is limited to L. stagnalis and S. palustris. Findings of T. ocellata (or Cercaria ocellata) that originated from snails of the genus Radix are likely to have actually belonged to species such as T. franki or T. regenti. The assumption that T. szidati is synonymous to T. ocellata is also discussed.

Faecal egg counts provide a reliable measure of Trichostrongylus tenuis intensities in free-living red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Seivwright ◽  
S.M. Redpath ◽  
F. Mougeot ◽  
L. Watt ◽  
P.J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
High Parasite ◽  
Exact Relationship

AbstractThe reliability of different egg counting methods for estimating the intensity of Trichostrongylus tenuis infections in red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus, was investigated in the autumn, when grouse may harbour high parasite intensities. Possible limitations to the use of these methods were also examined. Faecal egg counts were found to accurately estimate T. tenuis worm intensities, at least up to an observed maximum of c. 8000 worms. Two egg counting methods (smear and McMaster) gave consistent results, although the exact relationship with worm intensity differed according to the method used. Faecal egg counts significantly decreased with increasing length of sample storage time, but egg counts were reliable for estimating worm intensity for three weeks. The concentration of eggs in the caecum was also found to reliably estimate worm intensity. However, egg counts from frozen gut samples cannot be used to estimate worm intensities. These results conclude that, despite some limitations, faecal and caecum egg counts provide useful and reliable ways of measuring T. tenuis intensities in red grouse.

Strategies for nematode transmission: selective migration of Trichostrongylus tenuis infective larvae

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Saunders ◽  
D.M. Tompkins ◽  
P.J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Selective Migration ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
General Response ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
Nematode Transmission

Successful transmission of macroparasites is dependent on exposure of susceptible hosts to free-living infective stages. When these hosts are herbivores that feed mostly on a single food plant then natural selection should favour those infective larvae that selectively ascend this main food plant. Red grouse feed predominantly on heather,Calluna vulgaris, so we predict that the infective larvae (L3) of the caecal nematodeTrichostrongylus tenuisselectively locate and ascend heather plants. To determine whether the presence of heather influences the horizontal dispersal ofT. tenuisL3 across soil, the movement of L3 across trays of soil with and without heather was investigated in the laboratory. MoreT. tenuisL3 were recovered from soil when heather was present, implying that larval migration may be influenced by chemical cues produced by heather plants. This was investigated in a second experiment, in which the horizontal dispersal ofT. tenuislarvae was examined in the presence of heather and grass vegetation. This trial was repeated with larvae of a second species,Haemonchus contortus, a nematode whose hosts feed on a wide range of grass and shrub species. Significantly more larvae of both nematode species were recovered in the region of the heather than the grass or controls. This implies thatT. tenuisandH. contortusL3 exhibit selective migration towards heather, perhaps reflecting a general response to plant cues which may be stronger for heather than for grass.

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